Brennecke D, Duarte B, Paiva F, Caçador I, Canning-Clode J (2016) Microplastics as vector for
heavy metal contamination from the marine environment. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 178:189–195.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2015.12.003
Browne MA, Crump P, Niven SJ et al (2011) Accumulation of microplastic on shorelines worldwide: sources and sinks. Environ Sci Technol 45:9175–9179. https://doi.org/10.1021/
es201811s
Carpenter EJ, Smith KL (1972) Plastics on the Sargasso sea surface. Science 175
(4027):1240–1241. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.175.4027.1240
Castañeda RA, Avlijas S, Simard MA (2014) Microplastic pollution in St. Lawrence river sediments. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 71:1767–1771. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0281
Catarino AI, Thompson R, Sanderson W, Henry TB (2017) Development and optimization of a
standard method for extraction of microplastics in mussels by enzyme digestion of soft tissues.
Environ Toxicol Chem 36:947–951. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3608
Cesa FS, Turra A, Baruque-Ramos J (2017) Synthetic fibers as microplastics in the marine
environment: a review from textile perspective with a focus on domestic washings. Sci Total
Environ 598:1116–1129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.172
Chen M, Jin M, Tao P, Wang Z et al (2018) Assessment of microplastics derived from mariculture
in Xiangshan Bay, China. Environ Pollut 242:1146–1156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.
2018.07.133
Cincinelli A, Martellini T, Guerranti C, Scopetani C et al (2019) A potpourri of microplastics in the
sea surface and water column of the Mediterranean Sea. TrAC 110:321–326. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.trac.2018.10.026
Claessens M, Meester SD, Landuyt LV, Clerck KD, Janssen CR (2011) Occurrence and distribution
of microplastics in marine sediments along the Belgian coast. Mar Pollut Bull 62:2199–2204.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.06.030
Claessens M, Van Cauwenberghe L, Vandegehuchte LB, Janssen CR (2013) New techniques for
the detection of microplastics in sediments and field collected organisms. Mar Pollut Bull 70
(1–2):227–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.03.009
Cole M, Lindeque P, Halsband C, Galloway TS (2011) Microplastics as contaminants in the marine
environment: a review. Mar Pollut Bull 62:2588–2597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.
2011.09.025
Cole M, Lindeque P, Fileman E, Halsband C, Goodhead R, Moger J, Galloway TS (2013)
Microplastic ingestion by zooplankton. Environ Sci Technol 47:6646–6655. https://doi.org/
10.1021/es400663f
Cole M, Webb H, Lindeque PK, Fileman ES, Halsband C, Galloway TS (2014) Isolation of
microplastics in biota-rich seawater samples and marine organisms. Sci Rep 4:4528–4535.
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep04528
Connors KA, Dyer SD, Belanger SE (2017) Advancing the quality of environmental microplastic
research. Environ Toxicol Chem 36(7):1697–1703. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3829
Cooper DA, Corcoran PL (2010) Effects of mechanical and chemical processes on the degradation
of plastic beach debris on the island of Kauai, Hawaii. Mar Pollut Bull 60(5):650–654. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.12.026
Corcoran PL, Biesinger MC, Grifi M (2009) Plastics and beaches: a degrading relationship. Mar
Pollut Bull 58:1363–1369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.08.022
Corcoran PL, Norris T, Ceccanese T et al (2015) Hidden plastics of Lake Ontario, Canada and their
potential preservation in the sediment record. Environ Pollut 204:17–25. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.envpol.2015.04.009
Cózar A, Sanz-Martín M, Martí E et al (2015) Plastic accumulation in the Mediterranean Sea. PLoS
One 10:e0121762. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0121762
Crawford CB, Quinn B (2017) Microplastic collection techniques. In: Microplastic pollutants.
Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 179–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809406-8.00008-6
Davidson K, Dudas SE (2016) Microplastic ingestion by wild and cultured manila clams
(Venerupis philippinarum) from Baynes Sound, British Columbia. Arch Environ Contam
Toxicol 71(2):147–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-016-0286-4
1 Microplastic Pollution in Water
35
heavy metal contamination from the marine environment. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 178:189–195.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2015.12.003
Browne MA, Crump P, Niven SJ et al (2011) Accumulation of microplastic on shorelines worldwide: sources and sinks. Environ Sci Technol 45:9175–9179. https://doi.org/10.1021/
es201811s
Carpenter EJ, Smith KL (1972) Plastics on the Sargasso sea surface. Science 175
(4027):1240–1241. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.175.4027.1240
Castañeda RA, Avlijas S, Simard MA (2014) Microplastic pollution in St. Lawrence river sediments. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 71:1767–1771. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0281
Catarino AI, Thompson R, Sanderson W, Henry TB (2017) Development and optimization of a
standard method for extraction of microplastics in mussels by enzyme digestion of soft tissues.
Environ Toxicol Chem 36:947–951. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3608
Cesa FS, Turra A, Baruque-Ramos J (2017) Synthetic fibers as microplastics in the marine
environment: a review from textile perspective with a focus on domestic washings. Sci Total
Environ 598:1116–1129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.172
Chen M, Jin M, Tao P, Wang Z et al (2018) Assessment of microplastics derived from mariculture
in Xiangshan Bay, China. Environ Pollut 242:1146–1156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.
2018.07.133
Cincinelli A, Martellini T, Guerranti C, Scopetani C et al (2019) A potpourri of microplastics in the
sea surface and water column of the Mediterranean Sea. TrAC 110:321–326. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.trac.2018.10.026
Claessens M, Meester SD, Landuyt LV, Clerck KD, Janssen CR (2011) Occurrence and distribution
of microplastics in marine sediments along the Belgian coast. Mar Pollut Bull 62:2199–2204.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.06.030
Claessens M, Van Cauwenberghe L, Vandegehuchte LB, Janssen CR (2013) New techniques for
the detection of microplastics in sediments and field collected organisms. Mar Pollut Bull 70
(1–2):227–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.03.009
Cole M, Lindeque P, Halsband C, Galloway TS (2011) Microplastics as contaminants in the marine
environment: a review. Mar Pollut Bull 62:2588–2597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.
2011.09.025
Cole M, Lindeque P, Fileman E, Halsband C, Goodhead R, Moger J, Galloway TS (2013)
Microplastic ingestion by zooplankton. Environ Sci Technol 47:6646–6655. https://doi.org/
10.1021/es400663f
Cole M, Webb H, Lindeque PK, Fileman ES, Halsband C, Galloway TS (2014) Isolation of
microplastics in biota-rich seawater samples and marine organisms. Sci Rep 4:4528–4535.
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep04528
Connors KA, Dyer SD, Belanger SE (2017) Advancing the quality of environmental microplastic
research. Environ Toxicol Chem 36(7):1697–1703. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3829
Cooper DA, Corcoran PL (2010) Effects of mechanical and chemical processes on the degradation
of plastic beach debris on the island of Kauai, Hawaii. Mar Pollut Bull 60(5):650–654. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.12.026
Corcoran PL, Biesinger MC, Grifi M (2009) Plastics and beaches: a degrading relationship. Mar
Pollut Bull 58:1363–1369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.08.022
Corcoran PL, Norris T, Ceccanese T et al (2015) Hidden plastics of Lake Ontario, Canada and their
potential preservation in the sediment record. Environ Pollut 204:17–25. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.envpol.2015.04.009
Cózar A, Sanz-Martín M, Martí E et al (2015) Plastic accumulation in the Mediterranean Sea. PLoS
One 10:e0121762. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0121762
Crawford CB, Quinn B (2017) Microplastic collection techniques. In: Microplastic pollutants.
Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 179–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809406-8.00008-6
Davidson K, Dudas SE (2016) Microplastic ingestion by wild and cultured manila clams
(Venerupis philippinarum) from Baynes Sound, British Columbia. Arch Environ Contam
Toxicol 71(2):147–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-016-0286-4
1 Microplastic Pollution in Water
35