Case 4: Rich Savannah of Palogue, Upper Nile Area-Southern in Sudan
Ecological benefits of biotreatment of oil-polluted water in Rich Savannah of
Palogue, Upper Nile Area-Southern in Sudan were investigated by Elredaisy
(2010). The article reviewed the ecological benefits of bioremediation to treat the
oil-polluted water and how far it could benefit Sudan, supported by various world
experiences. They obtained valuable results by the Reed Bed Phragmites australis
that degrades hydrocarbons, produces clean water, and is appropriate for forestry
development and recovery of natural fauna after decades of military conflict. They
concluded that community awareness is necessary and a national strategy is required
for further adaptive techniques toward environment conservation.
Case 5: Wastewater in Egypt
Biodegradation of industrial wastewater contaminated by oil in Egypt was studied
by El-Borai et al. (2016) using bacterial consortium immobilized in various kinds of
carriers. They examined the effectiveness of some carriers and immobilization
methodology for some samples of hydrocarbon-degrading strains. Adsorbing cells
on a sponge resulted in optimal efficiency of hydrocarbon removal for some cultures
compared with free cells. Comparison of a designed bacterial consortium with
individual cultures indicated that the highest percentage of crude oil degradation
was seen in a mixed culture (81.70% removal efficiency), 1.083 times higher than
that recorded for Bacillus brevis (75.42%). The use of a fixed bed bioreactor for
biotreatment of crude oil by bacteria held on sponge cubes indicated that the highest
percentage of crude oil degradation was seen in a mixed culture (87.53%), followed
by individual cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa KH6 (82.97%), providing
insight for biotreatment using immobilized bacterial consortia within bioreactors.
Degradation in both aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons was observed significantly
from adsorbed mixed culture on sponge. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
was used to analyze the results. Applying simulation strategy for oily wastewater
sample recommended the combination of bioaugmentation and biostimulation
methods, which obtained 92.17% and 91.30% removal efficiencies in a bioreactor
packed with sponge or polyethylene, respectively. Thus, the tested strains can be
employed for industrial effluent treatment and remediation of natural contaminated
areas.
Case 6: Nitex Textiles in Serbia
Marić et al. (2015) studied enhanced in situ bioremediation of contaminated groundwater at Nitex textiles, Serbia. This study aimed to provide an insight into the
enhanced in situ bioremediation used for remediation of groundwater contaminated
by hydrocarbons. Before the application of this remediation method, the source of
groundwater pollution – an underground storage tank and polluted sediments – was
12 Remediation of Pollution by Oil Spills
483
Ecological benefits of biotreatment of oil-polluted water in Rich Savannah of
Palogue, Upper Nile Area-Southern in Sudan were investigated by Elredaisy
(2010). The article reviewed the ecological benefits of bioremediation to treat the
oil-polluted water and how far it could benefit Sudan, supported by various world
experiences. They obtained valuable results by the Reed Bed Phragmites australis
that degrades hydrocarbons, produces clean water, and is appropriate for forestry
development and recovery of natural fauna after decades of military conflict. They
concluded that community awareness is necessary and a national strategy is required
for further adaptive techniques toward environment conservation.
Case 5: Wastewater in Egypt
Biodegradation of industrial wastewater contaminated by oil in Egypt was studied
by El-Borai et al. (2016) using bacterial consortium immobilized in various kinds of
carriers. They examined the effectiveness of some carriers and immobilization
methodology for some samples of hydrocarbon-degrading strains. Adsorbing cells
on a sponge resulted in optimal efficiency of hydrocarbon removal for some cultures
compared with free cells. Comparison of a designed bacterial consortium with
individual cultures indicated that the highest percentage of crude oil degradation
was seen in a mixed culture (81.70% removal efficiency), 1.083 times higher than
that recorded for Bacillus brevis (75.42%). The use of a fixed bed bioreactor for
biotreatment of crude oil by bacteria held on sponge cubes indicated that the highest
percentage of crude oil degradation was seen in a mixed culture (87.53%), followed
by individual cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa KH6 (82.97%), providing
insight for biotreatment using immobilized bacterial consortia within bioreactors.
Degradation in both aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons was observed significantly
from adsorbed mixed culture on sponge. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
was used to analyze the results. Applying simulation strategy for oily wastewater
sample recommended the combination of bioaugmentation and biostimulation
methods, which obtained 92.17% and 91.30% removal efficiencies in a bioreactor
packed with sponge or polyethylene, respectively. Thus, the tested strains can be
employed for industrial effluent treatment and remediation of natural contaminated
areas.
Case 6: Nitex Textiles in Serbia
Marić et al. (2015) studied enhanced in situ bioremediation of contaminated groundwater at Nitex textiles, Serbia. This study aimed to provide an insight into the
enhanced in situ bioremediation used for remediation of groundwater contaminated
by hydrocarbons. Before the application of this remediation method, the source of
groundwater pollution – an underground storage tank and polluted sediments – was
12 Remediation of Pollution by Oil Spills
483