Warshawsky D, Radike M, Jayasimhulu K et al (1988) Metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene by a
dioxygenase enzyme system of the freshwater alga Selenastrum capricornutum. Biochem
Biophys Res Commun 152:540–544. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(88)80071-8
Warshawsky D, Kenan TH, Reilman R et al (1990) Conjugation of benzo[a]pyrene metabolites by
the freshwater alga Selenastrum capricornutum. Chem Biol Interact 74:93–105. https://doi.org/
10.1016/0009-2797(90)90061-Q
Warshawsky D, Cody T, Radike M et al (1995a) Biotransformation of benzo[a]pyrene and other
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic analogs by several green algae and other
algal species under gold and white light. Chem Biol Interact 97:131–148. https://doi.org/10.
1016/0009-2797(95)03610-X
Warshawsky D, Schneider J, Reilman R et al (1995b) Detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
metabolites in aquatic organisms. In: Munawar M, Hanninen O, Roy S, Munawar N,
Karenlampi L, Brown D (eds) Bioindicators of environmental health. Backhuys Publishers,
Dortretch, pp 1–12
Wentzel A, Ellingsen TE, Kotlar H-K et al (2007) Bacterial metabolism of long-chain n-alkanes.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 76:1209–1221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-007-1119-1
Whyte LG, Hawari J, Zhou E (1998) Biodegradation of variable-chain-length alkanes at low
temperatures by a psychrotrophic Rhodococcus sp. Appl Environ Microbiol 64:2578–2584
Xie EY, Liu DC, Jia C et al (2013) Artificial seed production and cultivation of the edible brown
alga Sargassum naozhouense Tseng et Lu. J Appl Phycol 25:513–522. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s10811-012-9885-2
Xie Y, Zhang X, Yang J (2018) eDNA-based bioassessment of coastal sediments impacted by an oil
spill. Environ Pollut 238:739–748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.081
Xue C-H, Li Y-R, Hou J-L et al (2015) Self-roughened superhydrophobic coatings for continuous
oil–water separation. J Mater Chem A 3:10248–10253. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TA01014D
Xu X, Liu W, Tian S et al (2018) Petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria for the remediation of
oil pollution under aerobic conditions: a perspective analysis. Front Microbiol 9:2885. https://
doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02885
Yakimov MM, Golyshin PN, Lang S et al (1998) Alcanivorax borkumensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a
new, hydrocarbon-degrading and surfactant-producing marine bacterium. Int J Syst Evol
Microbiol 48:339–348. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-48-2-339
Yakimov MM, Giuliano L, Gentile G et al (2003) Oleispira antarctica gen. nov., sp. Nov., a novel
hydrocarbonoclastic marine bacterium isolated from Antarctic coastal sea waterInt. J Syst Evol
Microbiol 53:779–785. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02366-0
Yakimov MM, Denaro R, Genovese M et al (2005) Natural microbial diversity in superficial
sediments of Milazzo Harbor (Sicily) and community successions during microcosm enrichment with various hydrocarbons. Environ Microbiol 7:1426–1441. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.
1462-5822.2005.00829.x
Yakimov MM, Timmis KN, Golyshin PN (2007) Obligate oil-degrading marine bacteria. Curr Opin
Biotechnol 18:257–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2007.04.006
Yakimov MM, Genovese M, Denaro R (2010) Thalassolituus. In: Timmis KN (ed) Handbook of
hydrocarbon and lipid microbiology. Springer, Berlin, pp 1765–1772. https://doi.org/10.1007/
978-3-540-77587-4_126
Yakimov MM, La Cono V, Smedile F et al (2014) Heterotrophic bicarbonate assimilation is the
main process of de novo organic carbon synthesis in hadal zone of the Hellenic Trench, the
deepest part of Mediterranean Sea. Environ Microbiol Rep 6(6):709–722. https://doi.org/10.
1111/1758-2229.12192
Yakimov MM, Golyshin PN, Crisafi F et al (2019) Marine, aerobic hydrocarbon-degrading
Gammaproteobacteria: the family Alcanivoracace. In: McGenity T (ed) Taxonomy, genomics
and ecophysiology of hydrocarbon-degrading microbes. Handbook of hydrocarbon and lipid
microbiology. Springer, Cham, pp 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60053-6_24-1
Yamada M, Takada H, Toyoda K et al (2003) Study on the fate of petroleum-derived polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the effect of chemical dispersant using an enclosed
7 Biodegradation of Hydrocarbons in Marine Environment
227
dioxygenase enzyme system of the freshwater alga Selenastrum capricornutum. Biochem
Biophys Res Commun 152:540–544. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(88)80071-8
Warshawsky D, Kenan TH, Reilman R et al (1990) Conjugation of benzo[a]pyrene metabolites by
the freshwater alga Selenastrum capricornutum. Chem Biol Interact 74:93–105. https://doi.org/
10.1016/0009-2797(90)90061-Q
Warshawsky D, Cody T, Radike M et al (1995a) Biotransformation of benzo[a]pyrene and other
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic analogs by several green algae and other
algal species under gold and white light. Chem Biol Interact 97:131–148. https://doi.org/10.
1016/0009-2797(95)03610-X
Warshawsky D, Schneider J, Reilman R et al (1995b) Detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
metabolites in aquatic organisms. In: Munawar M, Hanninen O, Roy S, Munawar N,
Karenlampi L, Brown D (eds) Bioindicators of environmental health. Backhuys Publishers,
Dortretch, pp 1–12
Wentzel A, Ellingsen TE, Kotlar H-K et al (2007) Bacterial metabolism of long-chain n-alkanes.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 76:1209–1221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-007-1119-1
Whyte LG, Hawari J, Zhou E (1998) Biodegradation of variable-chain-length alkanes at low
temperatures by a psychrotrophic Rhodococcus sp. Appl Environ Microbiol 64:2578–2584
Xie EY, Liu DC, Jia C et al (2013) Artificial seed production and cultivation of the edible brown
alga Sargassum naozhouense Tseng et Lu. J Appl Phycol 25:513–522. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s10811-012-9885-2
Xie Y, Zhang X, Yang J (2018) eDNA-based bioassessment of coastal sediments impacted by an oil
spill. Environ Pollut 238:739–748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.081
Xue C-H, Li Y-R, Hou J-L et al (2015) Self-roughened superhydrophobic coatings for continuous
oil–water separation. J Mater Chem A 3:10248–10253. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TA01014D
Xu X, Liu W, Tian S et al (2018) Petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria for the remediation of
oil pollution under aerobic conditions: a perspective analysis. Front Microbiol 9:2885. https://
doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02885
Yakimov MM, Golyshin PN, Lang S et al (1998) Alcanivorax borkumensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a
new, hydrocarbon-degrading and surfactant-producing marine bacterium. Int J Syst Evol
Microbiol 48:339–348. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-48-2-339
Yakimov MM, Giuliano L, Gentile G et al (2003) Oleispira antarctica gen. nov., sp. Nov., a novel
hydrocarbonoclastic marine bacterium isolated from Antarctic coastal sea waterInt. J Syst Evol
Microbiol 53:779–785. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02366-0
Yakimov MM, Denaro R, Genovese M et al (2005) Natural microbial diversity in superficial
sediments of Milazzo Harbor (Sicily) and community successions during microcosm enrichment with various hydrocarbons. Environ Microbiol 7:1426–1441. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.
1462-5822.2005.00829.x
Yakimov MM, Timmis KN, Golyshin PN (2007) Obligate oil-degrading marine bacteria. Curr Opin
Biotechnol 18:257–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2007.04.006
Yakimov MM, Genovese M, Denaro R (2010) Thalassolituus. In: Timmis KN (ed) Handbook of
hydrocarbon and lipid microbiology. Springer, Berlin, pp 1765–1772. https://doi.org/10.1007/
978-3-540-77587-4_126
Yakimov MM, La Cono V, Smedile F et al (2014) Heterotrophic bicarbonate assimilation is the
main process of de novo organic carbon synthesis in hadal zone of the Hellenic Trench, the
deepest part of Mediterranean Sea. Environ Microbiol Rep 6(6):709–722. https://doi.org/10.
1111/1758-2229.12192
Yakimov MM, Golyshin PN, Crisafi F et al (2019) Marine, aerobic hydrocarbon-degrading
Gammaproteobacteria: the family Alcanivoracace. In: McGenity T (ed) Taxonomy, genomics
and ecophysiology of hydrocarbon-degrading microbes. Handbook of hydrocarbon and lipid
microbiology. Springer, Cham, pp 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60053-6_24-1
Yamada M, Takada H, Toyoda K et al (2003) Study on the fate of petroleum-derived polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the effect of chemical dispersant using an enclosed
7 Biodegradation of Hydrocarbons in Marine Environment
227