exceptional well arsenal along with transmit deposition drop for polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons. These are spread in to the plane soil via dry as well as wet deposition.
Such contamination also leads to the other contamination of vegetation and hence
into the human beings (Wang et al. 2010a, b; Liu et al. 2012).
5.4 Concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Many studies suggest that the proportion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was
found to be lowest during summer days than that of winter. This appearance is due to
the fact that inversion days in winters decrease along with their resource and
inhabited oil burning for heat (Hussain et al. 2016). Another observation was that
the risk of individual’s contact with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is more in
developed places because of the large inhabitants, traffic, and inadequate distribution
of contaminants (Rockens et al. 2000). Amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
in water and river sediment of various countries as reported by the studies is shown
in the Table 5.2.
5.5 Environmental Concern of Polycyclic Aromatic
Hydrocarbons
Exposure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the humans has raised increased
risk of various tissues cancer such as stomach, skin, bladder, and lung. Moreover, to
what extent the cancer is severe, it depends upon the mode of exposure and kind of
the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Kim et al. 2013). Polycyclic aromatic
Table 5.1 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-related oil spilling incidents occurred around the
world with their impact on environment
Site
Place
Year
Causes
Lakeview
Gusher
California,
United States
1910–1911 1200 tonnes of crude oil released
Kuwaiti oil lakes Kuwait
1991
3409–6818 tonnes of crude oil released
Kuwaiti oil fires Kuwait
1991
136,000 tonnes of crude oil released
Rhodamine Dye
Spill
Boston
2007
2436$ lab cleaning cost
MT Hebei Spirit
oil spill
South Korea
2007
10,800 tonnes of crude oil released
Deep
WaterHorizon
oil spill
United States
2010
11 deaths, instant killing of aquatic species,
accumulation
Sundarbans oil
spill
Bangladesh
2014
Captain of the ship died, 1,000,000,000
Bangladeshi taka (currency) was lost
Ennore oil spill
Chennai
2017
More than 70 tonnes of crude oil released
5 Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Functionalized Nanomaterials
139
hydrocarbons. These are spread in to the plane soil via dry as well as wet deposition.
Such contamination also leads to the other contamination of vegetation and hence
into the human beings (Wang et al. 2010a, b; Liu et al. 2012).
5.4 Concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Many studies suggest that the proportion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was
found to be lowest during summer days than that of winter. This appearance is due to
the fact that inversion days in winters decrease along with their resource and
inhabited oil burning for heat (Hussain et al. 2016). Another observation was that
the risk of individual’s contact with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is more in
developed places because of the large inhabitants, traffic, and inadequate distribution
of contaminants (Rockens et al. 2000). Amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
in water and river sediment of various countries as reported by the studies is shown
in the Table 5.2.
5.5 Environmental Concern of Polycyclic Aromatic
Hydrocarbons
Exposure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the humans has raised increased
risk of various tissues cancer such as stomach, skin, bladder, and lung. Moreover, to
what extent the cancer is severe, it depends upon the mode of exposure and kind of
the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Kim et al. 2013). Polycyclic aromatic
Table 5.1 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-related oil spilling incidents occurred around the
world with their impact on environment
Site
Place
Year
Causes
Lakeview
Gusher
California,
United States
1910–1911 1200 tonnes of crude oil released
Kuwaiti oil lakes Kuwait
1991
3409–6818 tonnes of crude oil released
Kuwaiti oil fires Kuwait
1991
136,000 tonnes of crude oil released
Rhodamine Dye
Spill
Boston
2007
2436$ lab cleaning cost
MT Hebei Spirit
oil spill
South Korea
2007
10,800 tonnes of crude oil released
Deep
WaterHorizon
oil spill
United States
2010
11 deaths, instant killing of aquatic species,
accumulation
Sundarbans oil
spill
Bangladesh
2014
Captain of the ship died, 1,000,000,000
Bangladeshi taka (currency) was lost
Ennore oil spill
Chennai
2017
More than 70 tonnes of crude oil released
5 Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Functionalized Nanomaterials
139