increasing the plastic pollution at precedent levels. Plastic has not just damaged our
land but also our water resources like rivers, lakes, and oceans. Serious struggles are
needed to control plastic pollution. Concluding in a nutshell we can say that to save
our water resources such as oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, and ponds from plastic
pollutions we need to adopt a three domains solution strategy system; First strategy
or solution domain is science and technology which can enable us to create
bioplastics that are naturally degradable and ecofriendly and can replace synthetic
plastics which will diminish their production eventually decreasing their pollution
effects on our environment on land or in oceans. The second strategy or solution
domain is the effective education and community awareness because a more educated, informed, and aware community can support and help government,
nongovernmental organizations, and other scientific organizations to effectively
adopt methods, protocols rules of law that are made to counter plastic pollution.
Moreover, a well-informed community will be more conscious of its actions that
might affect their environment than a community lacking such knowledge and
destroying the environment unknowingly. The last and the most important strategy
or solution domain is effective government policies, rules, laws, protocols, and
conventions that are developed by national or international bodies to conserve our
environment. In one single statement we can say that in order to save our water
resources from plastic pollution we have to work in all three solution domains being,
science and technology, education, and community awareness and at last the
national and international policies made in this regard.
References
Ahmed T, Shahid M, Azeem F, Rasul I, Shah AA, Noman M et al (2018) Biodegradation of
plastics: current scenario and future prospects for environmental safety. Environ Sci Pollut Res
25(8):7287–7298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1234-9
Andrady AL (2011) Microplastics in the marine environment. Mar Pollut Bull 62(8):1596–1605.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.05.030
Arikan EB, Ozsoy HD (2015) A review: investigation of bioplastics. Journal of Civil Engineering
and Architecture 9(2):188–192. https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7359/2015.02.007
Avio CG, Gorbi S, Regoli F (2017) Plastics and microplastics in the oceans: from emerging
pollutants to emerged threat. Mar Environ Res 128:2–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.
2016.05.012
Barboza LGA, Dick Vethaak A, Lavorante BRBO, Lundebye AK, Guilhermino L (2018) Marine
microplastic debris: an emerging issue for food security, food safety and human health. Mar
Pollut Bull 133(January):336–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.047
Beaumont NJ, Aanesen M, Austen MC, Börger T, Clark JR, Cole M et al (2019) Global ecological,
social and economic impacts of marine plastic. Mar Pollut Bull 142(January):189–195. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.03.022
Benn N, Zitomer D (2018) Pretreatment and anaerobic co-digestion of selected PHB and PLA
bioplastics. Front Environ Sci 5(January):1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2017.00093
Bhat, S., K R, Nichith., Y, Kiran., M, Nagendra., L, Pallavi., S, Shreya., . . . Dastidar., M. (2017).
Production of bioplastics from microorganisms. Int J Adv Res, 5(2), 2710–2716. https://doi.org/
10.21474/ijar01/3465
114
F. Muneer et al.
land but also our water resources like rivers, lakes, and oceans. Serious struggles are
needed to control plastic pollution. Concluding in a nutshell we can say that to save
our water resources such as oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, and ponds from plastic
pollutions we need to adopt a three domains solution strategy system; First strategy
or solution domain is science and technology which can enable us to create
bioplastics that are naturally degradable and ecofriendly and can replace synthetic
plastics which will diminish their production eventually decreasing their pollution
effects on our environment on land or in oceans. The second strategy or solution
domain is the effective education and community awareness because a more educated, informed, and aware community can support and help government,
nongovernmental organizations, and other scientific organizations to effectively
adopt methods, protocols rules of law that are made to counter plastic pollution.
Moreover, a well-informed community will be more conscious of its actions that
might affect their environment than a community lacking such knowledge and
destroying the environment unknowingly. The last and the most important strategy
or solution domain is effective government policies, rules, laws, protocols, and
conventions that are developed by national or international bodies to conserve our
environment. In one single statement we can say that in order to save our water
resources from plastic pollution we have to work in all three solution domains being,
science and technology, education, and community awareness and at last the
national and international policies made in this regard.
References
Ahmed T, Shahid M, Azeem F, Rasul I, Shah AA, Noman M et al (2018) Biodegradation of
plastics: current scenario and future prospects for environmental safety. Environ Sci Pollut Res
25(8):7287–7298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1234-9
Andrady AL (2011) Microplastics in the marine environment. Mar Pollut Bull 62(8):1596–1605.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.05.030
Arikan EB, Ozsoy HD (2015) A review: investigation of bioplastics. Journal of Civil Engineering
and Architecture 9(2):188–192. https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7359/2015.02.007
Avio CG, Gorbi S, Regoli F (2017) Plastics and microplastics in the oceans: from emerging
pollutants to emerged threat. Mar Environ Res 128:2–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.
2016.05.012
Barboza LGA, Dick Vethaak A, Lavorante BRBO, Lundebye AK, Guilhermino L (2018) Marine
microplastic debris: an emerging issue for food security, food safety and human health. Mar
Pollut Bull 133(January):336–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.047
Beaumont NJ, Aanesen M, Austen MC, Börger T, Clark JR, Cole M et al (2019) Global ecological,
social and economic impacts of marine plastic. Mar Pollut Bull 142(January):189–195. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.03.022
Benn N, Zitomer D (2018) Pretreatment and anaerobic co-digestion of selected PHB and PLA
bioplastics. Front Environ Sci 5(January):1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2017.00093
Bhat, S., K R, Nichith., Y, Kiran., M, Nagendra., L, Pallavi., S, Shreya., . . . Dastidar., M. (2017).
Production of bioplastics from microorganisms. Int J Adv Res, 5(2), 2710–2716. https://doi.org/
10.21474/ijar01/3465
114
F. Muneer et al.