Distribution and Impact of Microplastics in the Aquatic …
91
Table 3
Microplastics and associated contaminants’ effects on aquatic biotas. Modified from [57]
Type of
chemical
Microplastic
Associated pollutants
Species name
MPs toxic effect only Joint MPs and associated
pollutant effect
References
Inorganic
PS/
PS-COOH
Ni
Daphnia Magna
Irregularities in
immobilization and
modification in the
morphology of the
species
The acute toxicity of PS showed
an insignificant or less than they
would be expected toxic effect
on Ni toxicity, while PS-COOH
had a synergetic effect with Ni
than the individual any of them
[94]
Fluorescence red
polymer
microspheres
Hg
European seabass
Dicentrarchus
labrax
The metal found in
the brain as well as in
the muscles
triggering
neurotoxicity and
oxidative stress in the
species. Finally
indeed with damage,
and alterations in
enzyme activities
Pre-adsorption of Hg on the
microplastic results in a gradual
buildup of the pollutant Hg in
tissues of the species
[95]
PS
Cu
zebrafish Danio
rerio
The MPs had
gradually gathered on
tissue and produced
toxicity to guts and
liver of the fish
MPs and NOM intensified the
increase in quantity and
poisonous of Cu. Increase the
levels of CH
2 (CHO)
2
(malonaldehyde) and
metal-binding proteins involved
in metabolism copper in the
body tissue, and decreases the
enzyme (superoxide dismutase)
that helps the breakdown of
harmful oxygen molecules
[78]
(continued)
91
Table 3
Microplastics and associated contaminants’ effects on aquatic biotas. Modified from [57]
Type of
chemical
Microplastic
Associated pollutants
Species name
MPs toxic effect only Joint MPs and associated
pollutant effect
References
Inorganic
PS/
PS-COOH
Ni
Daphnia Magna
Irregularities in
immobilization and
modification in the
morphology of the
species
The acute toxicity of PS showed
an insignificant or less than they
would be expected toxic effect
on Ni toxicity, while PS-COOH
had a synergetic effect with Ni
than the individual any of them
[94]
Fluorescence red
polymer
microspheres
Hg
European seabass
Dicentrarchus
labrax
The metal found in
the brain as well as in
the muscles
triggering
neurotoxicity and
oxidative stress in the
species. Finally
indeed with damage,
and alterations in
enzyme activities
Pre-adsorption of Hg on the
microplastic results in a gradual
buildup of the pollutant Hg in
tissues of the species
[95]
PS
Cu
zebrafish Danio
rerio
The MPs had
gradually gathered on
tissue and produced
toxicity to guts and
liver of the fish
MPs and NOM intensified the
increase in quantity and
poisonous of Cu. Increase the
levels of CH
2 (CHO)
2
(malonaldehyde) and
metal-binding proteins involved
in metabolism copper in the
body tissue, and decreases the
enzyme (superoxide dismutase)
that helps the breakdown of
harmful oxygen molecules
[78]
(continued)