84
T. A. Aragaw and B. A. Mekonnen
Table 2
(continued)
Water body
Studied biota
species
MPs type
MPs size
MPs concentration
range
Exposure time
Reported biological effects
References
Asian green
mussel Perna
viridis
PVC
1–50
μm
0 mg/l, 21.6 mg/l,
216 mg/l,
2160 mg/l)
91 days
Decreased the respiration
rates, byssus production as
well as mussel survival with
increased PVC abundance
[72]
Freshwater
zooplankton
Ceriodaphnia
dubia
PS fibers and PE
beads
100–400
μm
0.5 to 16 mg/L of
PE beads and
0.125 to 4 mg/L of
polyester fibers
62.5 to 2000
μg/L
for PE beads and
31.25 to
1000
μg/L for
polyester fibers
48 h, 8 day
The acute exposure induced
40% mortality in higher
concentrations. Whereas,
Chronic exposure reduced
body size and the number of
neonates. The more
pronounced effects have been
observed on effect PS fibers
[73]
Hyalella azteca
PP; PE
10–27
μm
0–20,000 mg/mL 10 day and
42 day
The exposure for 10 days
causes mortality while 42-day
chronic exposure reduced
growth and fertility in the
range of low to intermediate
concentrations exposure
[74]
Hydra attenuata PE
<400
μm
0.01–0.08 mg/L
30 min; 60 min
Significant reductions in
feeding rate, morphological
changes, and reproduction
[75]
(continued)