concentration of individual variable/metal pollutant at a time. These indices generally address the “status” and not the functionality of how the ecosystem is exactly
responding to human perturbations (Table 10.2). Further, the versatility of these
indices is influenced by hydrological factors, sediment load, and sensitivity of the
chosen determinants. The natural ecosystem receives a number of toxicants so the
effect should be governed by their cumulative concentration (Håkanson 1980). Also,
the organic carbon in a water body may reduce the toxic effect of metals making it
Table 10.2 Indicators/indices of eutrophy and metal pollution used in water quality assessment
Index/indicator
Water body
References
FDAase
Ganga River
Jaiswal and Pandey (2019a)
Dissolved oxygen deficit
Ganga River
Jaiswal and Pandey (2019b)
CO 2 emission coupled extracellular enzyme activities
Ganga River
Jaiswal and Pandey (2019e)
N/P/Si ratio
Oceans
Redfield (1958)
Diatom indices
Rivers
Potapova et al. (2004) and Rimet
and Bouchez (2012)
Transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP)
Ganga River
Pandey et al. (2017)
Daphnia
Freshwater systems
Elser et al. (2000)
Phormidium uncinatum
Ganga River
Pandey (2013)
Microinvertebrates
Rivers and streams
Turley et al. (2016)
Chlorophyll a biomass
Ganga River, lake
Tare et al. (2003) and Pandey and
Pandey (2013)
Phycocyanin
Rivers
Ahn et al. (2007)
Light penetration
Ganga River
Pandey (2013)
Alkaline phosphatase
Ganga River
Pandey and Yadav (2017)
Water quality index
Inland water bodies
Brown et al. (1972)
Diatom dominance transference
Ganga River
Pandey et al. (2017)
Biological oxygen demand
Ganga River
Dwivedi et al. (2018)
Diatom pollution tolerance index
Freshwater systems
Muscio (2002)
Trophic state index
Lake
Carlson (1977)
Enrichment factor
Tropical North Atlantic Ocean
Buat-Menard and Chesselet (1979)
Potential ecological risk index
Lakes and other limnetic systems
Håkanson (1980)
Pollution load index
Estuaries
Tomilson et al. (1980)
Pollution index
Inland water bodies
Nemerow (1991)
Geoaccumulation index
Rhine River
Müller (1969)
Modified pollution index
Estuarine and marine
environment
Brady et al. (2015)
Contamination factor
Lakes and other limnetic systems
Håkanson (1980)
Modified ecological risk index
Brisbane River
Duodu et al. (2016)
Ecological response index
a
Ganga River
Jaiswal and Pandey (2019a)
a First index that simultaneously predicts C eutrophy and metal pollution in large rivers
242
D. Jaiswal et al.
responding to human perturbations (Table 10.2). Further, the versatility of these
indices is influenced by hydrological factors, sediment load, and sensitivity of the
chosen determinants. The natural ecosystem receives a number of toxicants so the
effect should be governed by their cumulative concentration (Håkanson 1980). Also,
the organic carbon in a water body may reduce the toxic effect of metals making it
Table 10.2 Indicators/indices of eutrophy and metal pollution used in water quality assessment
Index/indicator
Water body
References
FDAase
Ganga River
Jaiswal and Pandey (2019a)
Dissolved oxygen deficit
Ganga River
Jaiswal and Pandey (2019b)
CO 2 emission coupled extracellular enzyme activities
Ganga River
Jaiswal and Pandey (2019e)
N/P/Si ratio
Oceans
Redfield (1958)
Diatom indices
Rivers
Potapova et al. (2004) and Rimet
and Bouchez (2012)
Transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP)
Ganga River
Pandey et al. (2017)
Daphnia
Freshwater systems
Elser et al. (2000)
Phormidium uncinatum
Ganga River
Pandey (2013)
Microinvertebrates
Rivers and streams
Turley et al. (2016)
Chlorophyll a biomass
Ganga River, lake
Tare et al. (2003) and Pandey and
Pandey (2013)
Phycocyanin
Rivers
Ahn et al. (2007)
Light penetration
Ganga River
Pandey (2013)
Alkaline phosphatase
Ganga River
Pandey and Yadav (2017)
Water quality index
Inland water bodies
Brown et al. (1972)
Diatom dominance transference
Ganga River
Pandey et al. (2017)
Biological oxygen demand
Ganga River
Dwivedi et al. (2018)
Diatom pollution tolerance index
Freshwater systems
Muscio (2002)
Trophic state index
Lake
Carlson (1977)
Enrichment factor
Tropical North Atlantic Ocean
Buat-Menard and Chesselet (1979)
Potential ecological risk index
Lakes and other limnetic systems
Håkanson (1980)
Pollution load index
Estuaries
Tomilson et al. (1980)
Pollution index
Inland water bodies
Nemerow (1991)
Geoaccumulation index
Rhine River
Müller (1969)
Modified pollution index
Estuarine and marine
environment
Brady et al. (2015)
Contamination factor
Lakes and other limnetic systems
Håkanson (1980)
Modified ecological risk index
Brisbane River
Duodu et al. (2016)
Ecological response index
a
Ganga River
Jaiswal and Pandey (2019a)
a First index that simultaneously predicts C eutrophy and metal pollution in large rivers
242
D. Jaiswal et al.