Chapter 8
Application of Wastewater in Irrigation
and Its Regulation with Special Reference
to Agriculture Residues
Monika, Rajeev Pratap Singh, Pooja Singh, Richa Kothari,
Kaushik Gautam, and Anita Singh
8.1 Introduction
About 70% of global freshwater is currently used for irrigation and cultivation practices
(World Bank Report 2017). The demand for freshwater will go high to feed a projected
9.7 billion population in 2050 (UN 2019). As per the UN-Water Annual Report (2016),
population explosion and climate change synergistically affect the availability of
freshwater. These situations impose a risk on freshwater for agricultural production
and induce societies to switch over another alternative option for continuous supply in
agriculture (De Fraiture and Wichelns 2010; Ahmad et al. 2020a, b). Many scientists
and their studies recommend wastewater as a viable option in water-scarce nations
(Hanjra et al. 2012). According to the International Water Association, Wastewater
Report (2018), change is necessary to apprehend the target 6.3 of the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs), as this commits governments to halve the ratio of
untreated wastewater and substantially encourages recycling and safe reuse by 2030.
Wastewater is the constituent of liquid waste discharged from households
(excreta, urine, and gray water) and commercial and industrial establishments,
Monika · R. P. Singh (*)
Department of Environment and Sustainable Development, Institute of Environment and
Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
P. Singh
Department of Science Institute of Computer Science and Technology, SHEPA, Varanasi, Uttar
Pradesh, India
R. Kothari
Department of Environment Science, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, India
K. Gautam · A. Singh
Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi,
Uttar Pradesh, India
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
A. Singh et al. (eds.), Water Pollution and Management Practices,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8358-2_8
177
Application of Wastewater in Irrigation
and Its Regulation with Special Reference
to Agriculture Residues
Monika, Rajeev Pratap Singh, Pooja Singh, Richa Kothari,
Kaushik Gautam, and Anita Singh
8.1 Introduction
About 70% of global freshwater is currently used for irrigation and cultivation practices
(World Bank Report 2017). The demand for freshwater will go high to feed a projected
9.7 billion population in 2050 (UN 2019). As per the UN-Water Annual Report (2016),
population explosion and climate change synergistically affect the availability of
freshwater. These situations impose a risk on freshwater for agricultural production
and induce societies to switch over another alternative option for continuous supply in
agriculture (De Fraiture and Wichelns 2010; Ahmad et al. 2020a, b). Many scientists
and their studies recommend wastewater as a viable option in water-scarce nations
(Hanjra et al. 2012). According to the International Water Association, Wastewater
Report (2018), change is necessary to apprehend the target 6.3 of the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs), as this commits governments to halve the ratio of
untreated wastewater and substantially encourages recycling and safe reuse by 2030.
Wastewater is the constituent of liquid waste discharged from households
(excreta, urine, and gray water) and commercial and industrial establishments,
Monika · R. P. Singh (*)
Department of Environment and Sustainable Development, Institute of Environment and
Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
P. Singh
Department of Science Institute of Computer Science and Technology, SHEPA, Varanasi, Uttar
Pradesh, India
R. Kothari
Department of Environment Science, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, India
K. Gautam · A. Singh
Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi,
Uttar Pradesh, India
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
A. Singh et al. (eds.), Water Pollution and Management Practices,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8358-2_8
177