85
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
K. M. Gothandam et al. (eds.), Environmental Biotechnology Vol. 3,
Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World 50,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48973-1_4
Chapter 4
Genetically Modified Microbial Biosensor
for Detection of Pollutants in Water
Samples
Sunantha Ganesan and Namasivayam Vasudevan
S. Ganesan · N. Vasudevan (*)
Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Contents
4.1 Introduction
86
4.1.1 Pollutants: Introduction and Threats
86
4.2 Methods for Quantification/Identification of Pollutants in Environment
87
4.3 Biosensor
89
4.3.1 Definition of Biosensor
89
4.3.2 Types of Biosensor
89
4.4 Bacterial Biosensor
90
4.5 Genetically Modified Biosensor
91
4.5.1 Genetically Modified Bacterial Biosensor for Persistent Organic Pollutants
92
4.5.2 Genetically Modified Bacterial Biosensor for Polychlorinated Biphenyls
92
4.5.3 Genetically Modified Bacterial Biosensor in Polycyclic Aromatic
Hydrocarbons
96
4.5.4 Genetically Modified Bacterial Biosensor in Pesticides
97
4.6 Genetically Engineered Bacterial Biosensor for Heavy Metal Detection
97
4.7 Risk and Regulations of Genetically Modified Organisms
99
4.8 Limitation of Genetically Modified Bacterial Biosensor
99
References
100
Abstract Persistent organic pollutants including perfluorinated compounds,
polyaromatic hydrocarbon, polychlorinated biphenyls, pesticides, and heavy metals
are released into the environment due to rapid industrialization and anthropogenic
activities. As a result, groundwater and surface water contamination has become a
major threat to human and aquatic organisms. Analytical techniques such as high
performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, gas
chromatography, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry are used for
monitoring persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals, and these techniques are
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
K. M. Gothandam et al. (eds.), Environmental Biotechnology Vol. 3,
Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World 50,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48973-1_4
Chapter 4
Genetically Modified Microbial Biosensor
for Detection of Pollutants in Water
Samples
Sunantha Ganesan and Namasivayam Vasudevan
S. Ganesan · N. Vasudevan (*)
Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Contents
4.1 Introduction
86
4.1.1 Pollutants: Introduction and Threats
86
4.2 Methods for Quantification/Identification of Pollutants in Environment
87
4.3 Biosensor
89
4.3.1 Definition of Biosensor
89
4.3.2 Types of Biosensor
89
4.4 Bacterial Biosensor
90
4.5 Genetically Modified Biosensor
91
4.5.1 Genetically Modified Bacterial Biosensor for Persistent Organic Pollutants
92
4.5.2 Genetically Modified Bacterial Biosensor for Polychlorinated Biphenyls
92
4.5.3 Genetically Modified Bacterial Biosensor in Polycyclic Aromatic
Hydrocarbons
96
4.5.4 Genetically Modified Bacterial Biosensor in Pesticides
97
4.6 Genetically Engineered Bacterial Biosensor for Heavy Metal Detection
97
4.7 Risk and Regulations of Genetically Modified Organisms
99
4.8 Limitation of Genetically Modified Bacterial Biosensor
99
References
100
Abstract Persistent organic pollutants including perfluorinated compounds,
polyaromatic hydrocarbon, polychlorinated biphenyls, pesticides, and heavy metals
are released into the environment due to rapid industrialization and anthropogenic
activities. As a result, groundwater and surface water contamination has become a
major threat to human and aquatic organisms. Analytical techniques such as high
performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, gas
chromatography, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry are used for
monitoring persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals, and these techniques are