215
Crandall BC (1996) Nanotechnology: molecular speculations on global abundance. Mit Press
Cui Y, Yuan WQ, Cao J (2014) Effect of surface texturing on microalgal cell attachment to solid
carriers. Int J Agric Biol Eng. https://doi.org/10.3965/j.ijabe.20140702.010
Da Costa ACA, De França FP (1996) Cadmium uptake by biosorbent seaweeds: adsorption
isotherms and some process conditions. Sep Sci Technol 31(17):2373–2393. https://doi.
org/10.1080/01496399608001054
de la Noue J, de Pauw N (1988) The potential of microalgal biotechnology: a review of production
and uses of microalgae. Biotechnol Adv. https://doi.org/10.1016/0734-9750(88)91921-0
De-Bashan LE, Bashan Y (2010) Immobilized microalgae for removing pollutants: review
of practical aspects. Bioresour Technol 101(6):1611–1627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
biortech.2009.09.043
De-Bashan LE, Moreno M, Hernandez JP, Bashan Y (2002) Removal of ammonium and phosphorus ions from synthetic wastewater by the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris coimmobilized
in alginate beads with the microalgae growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense.
Water Res. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00522-X
De-Bashan LE, Hernandez JP, Morey T, Bashan Y (2004) Microalgae growth-promoting bacteria
as “helpers” for microalgae: a novel approach for removing ammonium and phosphorus from
municipal wastewater. Water Res. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2003.09.022
De-Bashan LE, Antoun H, Bashan Y (2005) Cultivation factors and population size control the
uptake of nitrogen by the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris when interacting with the microalgae growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.femsec.2005.03.014
Doucha J, Lívanský K (2014) High density outdoor microalgal culture. Algal Biorefineries. Cultiv
Cells Prod 1:147–173. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7494-0_6
Dufrêne YF (2015) Sticky microbes: forces in microbial cell adhesion. Trends Microbiol
23(6):376–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2015.01.011
Dziwulska U, Bajguz A, Godlewska-Żyłkiewicz B (2004) The use of algae Chlorella vulgaris
immobilized on Cellex-T support for separation/Preconcentration of trace amounts of platinum and palladium before GFAAS determination. Anal Lett 37(10):2189–2203. https://doi.
org/10.1081/AL-200026696
Eroglu E, Smith SM, Raston CL (2015) Application of various immobilization techniques for algal
bioprocesses. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16640-7_2
Flemming HC, Wingender J, Szewzyk U, Steinberg P, Rice SA, Kjelleberg S (2016) Biofilms: an
emergent form of bacterial life. Nat Rev Microbiol 14(9):563–575. https://doi.org/10.1038/
nrmicro.2016.94
Garbayo I, Vigara AJ, Conchon V, Dos Santos V, Vílchez C (2000) Nitrate consumption alterations
induced by alginate-entrapment of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells. Process Biochem. https://
doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(00)00241-7
Genin SN, Aitchison S, Allen G (2014) Design of algal film photobioreactors: material surface
energy effects on algal film productivity, colonization and lipid content. Bioresour Technol
155:136–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.060
Gerasimenko L, Zavarzin G (1993) Relict cyanobacterial communities. In: Rozanov A (ed)
Problems of pre-anthropogenic evolution of the biosphere. Nauka, Moscow, pp 222–253
Gonzalez LE, Bashan Y (2000) Increased growth of the microalga Chlorella vulgaris when
coimmobilized and cocultured in alginate beads with the plant-growth-promoting bacterium
Azospirillum brasilense. Appl Environ Microbiol 66(4):1527–1531. https://doi.org/10.1128/
AEM.66.4.1527-1531.2000
Gross M, Jarboe D, Wen Z (2015) Biofilm-based algal cultivation systems. Appl Microbiol
Biotechnol 99(14):5781–5789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6736-5
Gudin C, Thepenier C (1986) Bioconversion of solar energy into organic chemicals by microalgae.
Adv Biotechnol Process 6:73–110
Hameed MSA, Ebrahim OH (2007) Biotechnological potential uses of immobilized algae. J Agric
Biol 9(1):183–192. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020238520948
7 Biotechnological Applications of Immobilized Microalgae
Crandall BC (1996) Nanotechnology: molecular speculations on global abundance. Mit Press
Cui Y, Yuan WQ, Cao J (2014) Effect of surface texturing on microalgal cell attachment to solid
carriers. Int J Agric Biol Eng. https://doi.org/10.3965/j.ijabe.20140702.010
Da Costa ACA, De França FP (1996) Cadmium uptake by biosorbent seaweeds: adsorption
isotherms and some process conditions. Sep Sci Technol 31(17):2373–2393. https://doi.
org/10.1080/01496399608001054
de la Noue J, de Pauw N (1988) The potential of microalgal biotechnology: a review of production
and uses of microalgae. Biotechnol Adv. https://doi.org/10.1016/0734-9750(88)91921-0
De-Bashan LE, Bashan Y (2010) Immobilized microalgae for removing pollutants: review
of practical aspects. Bioresour Technol 101(6):1611–1627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
biortech.2009.09.043
De-Bashan LE, Moreno M, Hernandez JP, Bashan Y (2002) Removal of ammonium and phosphorus ions from synthetic wastewater by the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris coimmobilized
in alginate beads with the microalgae growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense.
Water Res. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00522-X
De-Bashan LE, Hernandez JP, Morey T, Bashan Y (2004) Microalgae growth-promoting bacteria
as “helpers” for microalgae: a novel approach for removing ammonium and phosphorus from
municipal wastewater. Water Res. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2003.09.022
De-Bashan LE, Antoun H, Bashan Y (2005) Cultivation factors and population size control the
uptake of nitrogen by the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris when interacting with the microalgae growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.femsec.2005.03.014
Doucha J, Lívanský K (2014) High density outdoor microalgal culture. Algal Biorefineries. Cultiv
Cells Prod 1:147–173. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7494-0_6
Dufrêne YF (2015) Sticky microbes: forces in microbial cell adhesion. Trends Microbiol
23(6):376–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2015.01.011
Dziwulska U, Bajguz A, Godlewska-Żyłkiewicz B (2004) The use of algae Chlorella vulgaris
immobilized on Cellex-T support for separation/Preconcentration of trace amounts of platinum and palladium before GFAAS determination. Anal Lett 37(10):2189–2203. https://doi.
org/10.1081/AL-200026696
Eroglu E, Smith SM, Raston CL (2015) Application of various immobilization techniques for algal
bioprocesses. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16640-7_2
Flemming HC, Wingender J, Szewzyk U, Steinberg P, Rice SA, Kjelleberg S (2016) Biofilms: an
emergent form of bacterial life. Nat Rev Microbiol 14(9):563–575. https://doi.org/10.1038/
nrmicro.2016.94
Garbayo I, Vigara AJ, Conchon V, Dos Santos V, Vílchez C (2000) Nitrate consumption alterations
induced by alginate-entrapment of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells. Process Biochem. https://
doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(00)00241-7
Genin SN, Aitchison S, Allen G (2014) Design of algal film photobioreactors: material surface
energy effects on algal film productivity, colonization and lipid content. Bioresour Technol
155:136–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.060
Gerasimenko L, Zavarzin G (1993) Relict cyanobacterial communities. In: Rozanov A (ed)
Problems of pre-anthropogenic evolution of the biosphere. Nauka, Moscow, pp 222–253
Gonzalez LE, Bashan Y (2000) Increased growth of the microalga Chlorella vulgaris when
coimmobilized and cocultured in alginate beads with the plant-growth-promoting bacterium
Azospirillum brasilense. Appl Environ Microbiol 66(4):1527–1531. https://doi.org/10.1128/
AEM.66.4.1527-1531.2000
Gross M, Jarboe D, Wen Z (2015) Biofilm-based algal cultivation systems. Appl Microbiol
Biotechnol 99(14):5781–5789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6736-5
Gudin C, Thepenier C (1986) Bioconversion of solar energy into organic chemicals by microalgae.
Adv Biotechnol Process 6:73–110
Hameed MSA, Ebrahim OH (2007) Biotechnological potential uses of immobilized algae. J Agric
Biol 9(1):183–192. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020238520948
7 Biotechnological Applications of Immobilized Microalgae