193
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
K. M. Gothandam et al. (eds.), Environmental Biotechnology Vol. 3,
Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World 50,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48973-1_7
Chapter 7
Biotechnological Applications
of Immobilized Microalgae
Svetlana Vasilieva, Elena Lobakova, and Alexei Solovchenko
S. Vasilieva (*) · E. Lobakova · A. Solovchenko
Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University,
Moscow, Russia
Contents
7.1 Introduction
194
7.2 Natural Biofilm as the Prototype of Artificially Immobilized Microalgae
194
7.2.1 Biofilm Formation Is an Efficient Strategy of Microorganism Survival
195
7.3 The Immobilization Techniques for Microalgae
197
7.3.1 Immobilization Techniques with a Carrier
198
7.3.2 Passive Immobilization
200
7.3.3 Active Immobilization
202
7.3.4 Self-Immobilization
204
7.4 Physiology of the Immobilized Microalgal Cells
205
7.5 Immobilized Microalgae in Biotechnology
209
7.5.1 Biomass and Value-Added Metabolite Production
209
7.5.2 Bioremoval of Nutrients from Wastewater
210
7.5.3 Removal of Heavy Metals
212
References
213
Abstract Nowadays, biotechnology of photosynthetic organisms sees an upward
trend in usage of immobilized cells to accomplish diverse goals ranging from production of value-added molecules to destruction of unwanted contaminants. This
trend exists for a good reason: from the standpoint of microalgae (MA) large-scale
cultivation, immobilization provides several important advantages. Namely, the
immobilized cell culture is generally more robust than suspended one, there is no
need for a costly cell-harvesting procedure, and overall cultivation process becomes
more manageable in case of immobilized cells. The applications of immobilization
are based on the natural capacity of the microbes to adhere to the substrate and to
each other. This chapter is dedicated to the biotechnological use of immobilized
microalgal cells; its benefits and caveats are discussed. Special attention is paid to
biological basis of the cell immobilization and the biology of immobilized cells.
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
K. M. Gothandam et al. (eds.), Environmental Biotechnology Vol. 3,
Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World 50,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48973-1_7
Chapter 7
Biotechnological Applications
of Immobilized Microalgae
Svetlana Vasilieva, Elena Lobakova, and Alexei Solovchenko
S. Vasilieva (*) · E. Lobakova · A. Solovchenko
Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University,
Moscow, Russia
Contents
7.1 Introduction
194
7.2 Natural Biofilm as the Prototype of Artificially Immobilized Microalgae
194
7.2.1 Biofilm Formation Is an Efficient Strategy of Microorganism Survival
195
7.3 The Immobilization Techniques for Microalgae
197
7.3.1 Immobilization Techniques with a Carrier
198
7.3.2 Passive Immobilization
200
7.3.3 Active Immobilization
202
7.3.4 Self-Immobilization
204
7.4 Physiology of the Immobilized Microalgal Cells
205
7.5 Immobilized Microalgae in Biotechnology
209
7.5.1 Biomass and Value-Added Metabolite Production
209
7.5.2 Bioremoval of Nutrients from Wastewater
210
7.5.3 Removal of Heavy Metals
212
References
213
Abstract Nowadays, biotechnology of photosynthetic organisms sees an upward
trend in usage of immobilized cells to accomplish diverse goals ranging from production of value-added molecules to destruction of unwanted contaminants. This
trend exists for a good reason: from the standpoint of microalgae (MA) large-scale
cultivation, immobilization provides several important advantages. Namely, the
immobilized cell culture is generally more robust than suspended one, there is no
need for a costly cell-harvesting procedure, and overall cultivation process becomes
more manageable in case of immobilized cells. The applications of immobilization
are based on the natural capacity of the microbes to adhere to the substrate and to
each other. This chapter is dedicated to the biotechnological use of immobilized
microalgal cells; its benefits and caveats are discussed. Special attention is paid to
biological basis of the cell immobilization and the biology of immobilized cells.