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© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
K. M. Gothandam et al. (eds.), Environmental Biotechnology Vol. 3,
Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World 50,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48973-1_5
Chapter 5
Integration of Polyhydroxyalkanoates
Production with Industrial Wastewater
Treatment
Safae Sali and Hamish Robert Mackey
S. Sali · H. R. Mackey (*)
Division of Sustainable Development, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation,
Doha, Qatar
e-mail: ssali@hbku.edu.qa; hmackey@hbku.edu.qa
Contents
5.1
Background and Introduction
107
5.1.1 Plastic Production, Disposal, and Sustainability
107
5.1.2 Bioplastics and Polyhydroxyalkanoates
109
5.2
Polyhydroxyalkanoates Production
113
5.2.1 Current Commercial Products
113
5.2.2 Biological Aspects of Production
115
5.3
Industrial Wastewater Importance
118
5.4
Factors Influencing Polyhydroxyalkanoates Production, Accumulation,
and Composition
119
5.4.1 Strains of Bacteria
119
5.4.2 Redox Environment
121
5.4.3 Effects of Carbon Source and Raw Materials
122
5.4.4 Feeding Regime
125
5.4.5 Nutrient Limitation
131
5.4.6 pH Impact
132
5.4.7 Temperature Effect
133
5.4.8 Light Impact
134
5.5
Microbial Community Dynamics
136
5.6
Process Design
136
5.7
Polyhydroxyalkanoates Quantification
141
5.8
Polyhydroxyalkanoates Processing and Recovery
142
5.9
Polyhydroxyalkanoates Applications
145
5.10 Sustainability Assessment
146
5.11 Conclusion
148
References
150