93
Table 4.2 List of marker genes used for biosensor construction
Gene
Origin
Potential substrate
Assay
Advantages
Limitation
References
Green fluorescence
protein (gfp)
Aequorea victoria
No need substrate
Fluorescence
Autofluorescence
Low sensitivity
Lewis et al.
(2000)
β-galactosidase (lacZ) E. coli
β- Galactosidase
Colorimetric
Detection by naked eye Substrate required Close et al.
(2010)
Luciferin (Lux)
Vibrio fischeri
Luciferin, adenosine
triphosphate (ATP)
Luminescence
Easy of measurement
and rapid response
Heat labiality and
oxygen required
Myronovskyi
et al. (2011)
Luciferin (Luc)
Photinuspyralis
Luciferin, ATP
Luminescence
High sensitivity
Substrate required Allard and
Kopish (2008)
Chloramphenicol
Acetyl CoA (Cat)
E. coli
Chloramphenicol
Acetyl CoA
Thin layer
chromatography
No endogenous activity This assay relies
on the
radioisotopes
Wilson and
Hastings (1998)
Aequorin
Aequorea victoria
Calcium binding
protein
Luminescence
High sensitivity and no
endogenous activity
Requires substrate Yagi (2006)
Uroporphyrinogen III
methyl transferase
Bacillus megaterium
and P. denitrificans
No substrate
requirement
Fluorescence
Auto fluorescent
Endogenous
activity
Sattler et al.
(1995)
4 Genetically Modified Microbial Biosensor for Detection of Pollutants in Water…