diffusion and water-holding ability of substrate (Chen 2013). Jain and Jain (2016)
studied that the highest production of endoglucanase (20.05 IU/gds),
cellobiohydrolase (4.65 IU/gds), and β-glucosidase (52.45 IU/gds) on the substrate
to moisture ratio was 1:3 at 30
C temperature and pH 5. Initial moisture level 60%
and 65% were optimal for maximum production of cellulase observed (Faisal and
Benjamin 2016; Budihal and Agsar 2015).
3.6 Cellulase in Biomass Hydrolysis and Biofuel Production
The drastic increase in word population along with increases ultimatum of energy,
exhaustion of fossil fuel, and increased greenhouse effect from traditional fuel, there
is an urgent necessitate to build up or look for inexpensive, renewable, and sustainable sources of energy (Ahmed et al. 2017). Hence, cellulase plays a vital role in
biofuel production and reduces energy crisis and environmental contamination
(Horn et al. 2012; Sharada et al. 2014). Though the conversion of lignocellulosic
substrates into sugars use multiple enzymes for full hydrolysis, of which cost is high,
making biorefining approaches reasonably unfeasible. Therefore, the search of
potent enzymes like cellulase with novel properties showed high thermostability,
acidophililicity and high solvent tolerant could assist to conquer cost impediments.
Cellulases advantage in biomass saccharification and biofuel production is presently
the focus of various experiments supported by various organizations across the globe
(Budihal et al. 2016; Srivastava et al. 2015).
3.7 Future Perspectives and Conclusions
The increasing demand of energy and natural products combines with an increase in
the demand of industrial enzymes such as cellulases being important enzymes in the
conversion of biomass and biofuel production. The main obstacle in the production
of biofuel and other products from lignocellulosic substrates is the lack of efficient
economically feasible cellulase. Cellulase finds potential applications in various
biotechnological industries. In the recent past, enzymatic hydrolysis and enzymebased methods are ideal than chemical methods due to environmental friendly, high
yield, low cost, easy, and safety. Hyperproduction of microbial enzymes with high
specific activity can be achieved by manipulating their genes via genetic engineering. Most of the enzymes of microbial origin are still unknown and there are
numerous openings for finding potential applications in a broad range of industries,
particularly in the bioenergy process. In fact, SSF in light with environmental trouble
because of filling up of lignocellulosic biomass has to be exploited with an economic
and industrial approach.
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M. Subhosh Chandra et al.
studied that the highest production of endoglucanase (20.05 IU/gds),
cellobiohydrolase (4.65 IU/gds), and β-glucosidase (52.45 IU/gds) on the substrate
to moisture ratio was 1:3 at 30
C temperature and pH 5. Initial moisture level 60%
and 65% were optimal for maximum production of cellulase observed (Faisal and
Benjamin 2016; Budihal and Agsar 2015).
3.6 Cellulase in Biomass Hydrolysis and Biofuel Production
The drastic increase in word population along with increases ultimatum of energy,
exhaustion of fossil fuel, and increased greenhouse effect from traditional fuel, there
is an urgent necessitate to build up or look for inexpensive, renewable, and sustainable sources of energy (Ahmed et al. 2017). Hence, cellulase plays a vital role in
biofuel production and reduces energy crisis and environmental contamination
(Horn et al. 2012; Sharada et al. 2014). Though the conversion of lignocellulosic
substrates into sugars use multiple enzymes for full hydrolysis, of which cost is high,
making biorefining approaches reasonably unfeasible. Therefore, the search of
potent enzymes like cellulase with novel properties showed high thermostability,
acidophililicity and high solvent tolerant could assist to conquer cost impediments.
Cellulases advantage in biomass saccharification and biofuel production is presently
the focus of various experiments supported by various organizations across the globe
(Budihal et al. 2016; Srivastava et al. 2015).
3.7 Future Perspectives and Conclusions
The increasing demand of energy and natural products combines with an increase in
the demand of industrial enzymes such as cellulases being important enzymes in the
conversion of biomass and biofuel production. The main obstacle in the production
of biofuel and other products from lignocellulosic substrates is the lack of efficient
economically feasible cellulase. Cellulase finds potential applications in various
biotechnological industries. In the recent past, enzymatic hydrolysis and enzymebased methods are ideal than chemical methods due to environmental friendly, high
yield, low cost, easy, and safety. Hyperproduction of microbial enzymes with high
specific activity can be achieved by manipulating their genes via genetic engineering. Most of the enzymes of microbial origin are still unknown and there are
numerous openings for finding potential applications in a broad range of industries,
particularly in the bioenergy process. In fact, SSF in light with environmental trouble
because of filling up of lignocellulosic biomass has to be exploited with an economic
and industrial approach.
86
M. Subhosh Chandra et al.