microalgal biomass concentration within a short period of time. It is also
recommended for expensive products, such as food or aquaculture applications, to
recover superior class of algae with least or no contamination of the initial product
with chemical and bacterial substances. Centrifugation for main and secondary
dewatering is commonly believed to be viable only for high value submissions
(Grima et al. 2003). Centrifuges are usually set for optimizing capture efficacy.
Cost-efficient microalgal harvesting, consequently, the full acquisition output cannot
match (Barros et al. 2015).
1.3.3 Filtration
To maintain the algae and let the intermediate to flow over the screen devoid of
unnecessary clogging, a faster screens or filters with large gage pores which is also
cost-efficient can be used. Examples of macrofiltration technology are die-cast filters
and filter presses. This harvesting method applies to a small number of large sized or
filamentous algae, properties that do not cause them to form impermeable cakes,
flow through the pores or clog the screens. Screens having huge pores accurately
capture the biomass offered in significant proportions.
1.3.4 Sedimentation
The initial step of removing the algae from the water is sedimentation. The algae are
allowed settling along with densify until tension is over. Other methods, however,
probably must also be required to achieve full segregation. Gravity sedimentation is
a process separating a suspension of the feed into a concentrated slurry and a
transparent liquid. Harvesting at natural gravity by sedimentation can be done
through lamella separators and sedimentation tanks. Gravity sedimentation relies
on the capacity of the suspended matter to settle down, which is determined by the
density (Stokes radius) of the algae and the sedimentation velocity. This approach is
ideally well-matched for wastewater treatment and applies to algae with a 70 mm
diameter, such as Spirulina. Lamella separators, due to the orientation of the plates,
can provide an improved settling area compared to traditional thickeners. The
microalgal suspension is continuously pumped while discontinuously extracting
the slurry.
Separating microalgae from sedimentation tanks is a costly operation. Nevertheless, the reliability is poor without flocculant addition (Milledge and Heaven 2013).
1 Downstream Processing of Biofuels
19
recommended for expensive products, such as food or aquaculture applications, to
recover superior class of algae with least or no contamination of the initial product
with chemical and bacterial substances. Centrifugation for main and secondary
dewatering is commonly believed to be viable only for high value submissions
(Grima et al. 2003). Centrifuges are usually set for optimizing capture efficacy.
Cost-efficient microalgal harvesting, consequently, the full acquisition output cannot
match (Barros et al. 2015).
1.3.3 Filtration
To maintain the algae and let the intermediate to flow over the screen devoid of
unnecessary clogging, a faster screens or filters with large gage pores which is also
cost-efficient can be used. Examples of macrofiltration technology are die-cast filters
and filter presses. This harvesting method applies to a small number of large sized or
filamentous algae, properties that do not cause them to form impermeable cakes,
flow through the pores or clog the screens. Screens having huge pores accurately
capture the biomass offered in significant proportions.
1.3.4 Sedimentation
The initial step of removing the algae from the water is sedimentation. The algae are
allowed settling along with densify until tension is over. Other methods, however,
probably must also be required to achieve full segregation. Gravity sedimentation is
a process separating a suspension of the feed into a concentrated slurry and a
transparent liquid. Harvesting at natural gravity by sedimentation can be done
through lamella separators and sedimentation tanks. Gravity sedimentation relies
on the capacity of the suspended matter to settle down, which is determined by the
density (Stokes radius) of the algae and the sedimentation velocity. This approach is
ideally well-matched for wastewater treatment and applies to algae with a 70 mm
diameter, such as Spirulina. Lamella separators, due to the orientation of the plates,
can provide an improved settling area compared to traditional thickeners. The
microalgal suspension is continuously pumped while discontinuously extracting
the slurry.
Separating microalgae from sedimentation tanks is a costly operation. Nevertheless, the reliability is poor without flocculant addition (Milledge and Heaven 2013).
1 Downstream Processing of Biofuels
19