6.11.4 Conjugation
Conjugation is another mechanism that gives higher yield using Z. mobilis.
6.11.5 Recombination
Research showed that five genes of cellulolytic enzymes from bacteria were successfully incorporated in the Z. mobilis that directly ferments the cellulosic feedstock’s into ethanol. By introducing additional cellulose genes in the Z. mobilis to
make it recombinant so that it can serve as potential CBP platform organism (Zhang
et al. 2013).
6.11.6 Recombinant Strains of Z. mobilis
Recombinant strains were made by introducing genes of E-coli in Z. mobilis for
better ethanol yield. Good yield of ethanol is obtained by introducing xylose using
genes and metabolic pathway genes. Another recombinant strain of Z. mobilis was
made for arabinose fermentation (Mohagheghi et al. 2004).
6.11.7 Co-Fermentation
Co-fermentation of all three sugars glucose, arabinose, and xylose to ethanol occur
using Z. mobilis strains ATCC 39761 (PZB4L) and ATCC 39676 (PZb206).
Co-fermentation is another approach for the effective bioethanol production
(Wirawan et al. 2020).
6.11.8 Consolidated Bioprocessing Approach (CBP)
CBP was constructed by incorporation of five genes of E. coli for the arabinose
metabolism. CBP approach is used for effective ethanol production. Its mechanism
involves enzyme synthesis, substrate assimilation, and fermentation in single step
using lignocellulolytic microbes. E1 and GH12, these are two cellulolytic enzyme
genes that were successfully incorporated and expressed (Linger et al. 2010).
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Conjugation is another mechanism that gives higher yield using Z. mobilis.
6.11.5 Recombination
Research showed that five genes of cellulolytic enzymes from bacteria were successfully incorporated in the Z. mobilis that directly ferments the cellulosic feedstock’s into ethanol. By introducing additional cellulose genes in the Z. mobilis to
make it recombinant so that it can serve as potential CBP platform organism (Zhang
et al. 2013).
6.11.6 Recombinant Strains of Z. mobilis
Recombinant strains were made by introducing genes of E-coli in Z. mobilis for
better ethanol yield. Good yield of ethanol is obtained by introducing xylose using
genes and metabolic pathway genes. Another recombinant strain of Z. mobilis was
made for arabinose fermentation (Mohagheghi et al. 2004).
6.11.7 Co-Fermentation
Co-fermentation of all three sugars glucose, arabinose, and xylose to ethanol occur
using Z. mobilis strains ATCC 39761 (PZB4L) and ATCC 39676 (PZb206).
Co-fermentation is another approach for the effective bioethanol production
(Wirawan et al. 2020).
6.11.8 Consolidated Bioprocessing Approach (CBP)
CBP was constructed by incorporation of five genes of E. coli for the arabinose
metabolism. CBP approach is used for effective ethanol production. Its mechanism
involves enzyme synthesis, substrate assimilation, and fermentation in single step
using lignocellulolytic microbes. E1 and GH12, these are two cellulolytic enzyme
genes that were successfully incorporated and expressed (Linger et al. 2010).
174
M. Khalid et al.