42. Lazarev AN, Mirgorodsky AP (1991) Molecular force constants in dynamical model of
a-quartz. Phys Chem Miner 18:231–243
43. Dowty E (1987) Vibrational interactions of tetrahedra in silicate glasses and crystals. Phys
Chem Miner 14:80–93
44. Dowty E (1987) Vibrational interactions of tetrahedra in silicate glasses and crystals. Phys
Chem Miner 14:122–138
45. Dowty E (1987) Vibrational interactions of tetrahedra in silicate glasses and crystals. Phys
Chem Miner 14:542–552
46. Handke M, Mozgawa W (1995) Model quasi-molecule Si 2 O as an approach in the IR spectra
description glassy and crystalline framework silicates. J Mol Struct 348:341–344
47. Bell RJ, Dean P (1970) Atomic vibrations in vitreous silica. Discuss Faraday Soc 50:55–61
48. Laughlin RB, Joannopoulos JD (1977) Phonons in amorphous silica. Phys Rev B 16:2942–
2952
49. Barrow GM (1962) Introduction to molecular spectroscopy. MCGraw-Hill Book Company
Inc, New York
50. Galeener FL, Mikkelsen JC (1981) Vibrational dynamics in
18
O-substituted vitreous SiO 2 .
Phys Rev B 23:5527–5530
51. Sato RK, McMillan PF (1987) An infrared and Raman study of the isotopic species of
alpha-quartz. J Phys Chem 91:3494–3498
52. Rakow AV (1962) Temperature dependence of the line width of infrared absorption spectra.
Opt Spektr 13:369–373
53. Khanna RK, Stranz DD, Donn B (1981) A spectroscopic study of intermediates in the
condensation of refractory smokes: matrix isolation experiments of SiO. J Chem Phys
74:2108–2115
54. Görlich E, Błaszczak K, Sieminska G (1974) Infra-red studies of vitreous silica at elevated
temperatures. J Mat Sci 9:1926–1932
55. Taylor WR (1990) Application of infrared spectroscopy to studies of silicate glass structure:
examples from the melilite glasses and the systems Na 2 O–SiO 2 and Na 2 O–Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 . Proc
Indian Acad Sci 99:99–117
56. Shiraishi Y, Kusabiraki K (1990) Infrared spectrum oh high temperature melts by means of
emission spectroscopy. High Temp Sci 28:67–77
57. Handke M, Nocuń M (1997) Vibrational spectroscopy of lithium silicates and aluminosilicates in crystalline form. Mikrochim Acta 14:507–510
58. Sharma SK, Philpotts JA, Matson DW (1985) Ring distributions in alkali- and alkaline-earth
aluminosilicate framework glasses—a Raman spectroscopic study. J Non-Cryst Solids
71:403–410
59. Tossel JA (1993) A theoretical study of the molecular basis of the Al avoidance rule and of
the spectral characteristics of Al–O–Al linkages. Am Mineral 78:911–920
60. Tarte P (1967) Infra-red spectra of inorganic aluminates and characteristic vibrational
frequencies of AlO 4 tetrahedra and AlO 6 octahedra. Spectrochim Acta A 23:2127–2143
61. Sitarz M (2008) Influence of modifying cations on the structure and texture of silicate–
phosphate glasses. J Mol Struct 887:237–248
62. Sitarz M, Rokita M, Handke M, Galuskin EW (2003) Structural studies of the NaCaPO 4 –SiO 2
sol-gel derived materials. J Mol Struct 651–653:489–498
63. Li H, Liu S, Zhang T, Wu H, Guo S (2018) The evolution of the network structure in
tin-fluoro-phosphate glass with increasing temperature. J Non-Crystal Solids 492:84–93
64. Sitarz M, Bulat K, Olejniczak Z (2012) Structure and microstructure of glasses from
NaCaPO 4 –SiO 2 –BPO 4 system. Vib Spectrosc 61:72–77
65. Bułat K, Sitarz M, Wajda A (2014) Influence of aluminium and boron ions on the
crystallization of silicate-phosphate glasses from NaCaPO 4 –SiO 2 system. J Non-Cryst Solids
401:2007–2012
66. Kaur R, Singh S, Pandey OP (2013) Absorption spectroscopic studies on gamma irradiated
bismuth borosilicate glasses. J Mol Struct 1049:386–391
15 Spectroscopic Characterization of Silicate Amorphous Materials
481
a-quartz. Phys Chem Miner 18:231–243
43. Dowty E (1987) Vibrational interactions of tetrahedra in silicate glasses and crystals. Phys
Chem Miner 14:80–93
44. Dowty E (1987) Vibrational interactions of tetrahedra in silicate glasses and crystals. Phys
Chem Miner 14:122–138
45. Dowty E (1987) Vibrational interactions of tetrahedra in silicate glasses and crystals. Phys
Chem Miner 14:542–552
46. Handke M, Mozgawa W (1995) Model quasi-molecule Si 2 O as an approach in the IR spectra
description glassy and crystalline framework silicates. J Mol Struct 348:341–344
47. Bell RJ, Dean P (1970) Atomic vibrations in vitreous silica. Discuss Faraday Soc 50:55–61
48. Laughlin RB, Joannopoulos JD (1977) Phonons in amorphous silica. Phys Rev B 16:2942–
2952
49. Barrow GM (1962) Introduction to molecular spectroscopy. MCGraw-Hill Book Company
Inc, New York
50. Galeener FL, Mikkelsen JC (1981) Vibrational dynamics in
18
O-substituted vitreous SiO 2 .
Phys Rev B 23:5527–5530
51. Sato RK, McMillan PF (1987) An infrared and Raman study of the isotopic species of
alpha-quartz. J Phys Chem 91:3494–3498
52. Rakow AV (1962) Temperature dependence of the line width of infrared absorption spectra.
Opt Spektr 13:369–373
53. Khanna RK, Stranz DD, Donn B (1981) A spectroscopic study of intermediates in the
condensation of refractory smokes: matrix isolation experiments of SiO. J Chem Phys
74:2108–2115
54. Görlich E, Błaszczak K, Sieminska G (1974) Infra-red studies of vitreous silica at elevated
temperatures. J Mat Sci 9:1926–1932
55. Taylor WR (1990) Application of infrared spectroscopy to studies of silicate glass structure:
examples from the melilite glasses and the systems Na 2 O–SiO 2 and Na 2 O–Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 . Proc
Indian Acad Sci 99:99–117
56. Shiraishi Y, Kusabiraki K (1990) Infrared spectrum oh high temperature melts by means of
emission spectroscopy. High Temp Sci 28:67–77
57. Handke M, Nocuń M (1997) Vibrational spectroscopy of lithium silicates and aluminosilicates in crystalline form. Mikrochim Acta 14:507–510
58. Sharma SK, Philpotts JA, Matson DW (1985) Ring distributions in alkali- and alkaline-earth
aluminosilicate framework glasses—a Raman spectroscopic study. J Non-Cryst Solids
71:403–410
59. Tossel JA (1993) A theoretical study of the molecular basis of the Al avoidance rule and of
the spectral characteristics of Al–O–Al linkages. Am Mineral 78:911–920
60. Tarte P (1967) Infra-red spectra of inorganic aluminates and characteristic vibrational
frequencies of AlO 4 tetrahedra and AlO 6 octahedra. Spectrochim Acta A 23:2127–2143
61. Sitarz M (2008) Influence of modifying cations on the structure and texture of silicate–
phosphate glasses. J Mol Struct 887:237–248
62. Sitarz M, Rokita M, Handke M, Galuskin EW (2003) Structural studies of the NaCaPO 4 –SiO 2
sol-gel derived materials. J Mol Struct 651–653:489–498
63. Li H, Liu S, Zhang T, Wu H, Guo S (2018) The evolution of the network structure in
tin-fluoro-phosphate glass with increasing temperature. J Non-Crystal Solids 492:84–93
64. Sitarz M, Bulat K, Olejniczak Z (2012) Structure and microstructure of glasses from
NaCaPO 4 –SiO 2 –BPO 4 system. Vib Spectrosc 61:72–77
65. Bułat K, Sitarz M, Wajda A (2014) Influence of aluminium and boron ions on the
crystallization of silicate-phosphate glasses from NaCaPO 4 –SiO 2 system. J Non-Cryst Solids
401:2007–2012
66. Kaur R, Singh S, Pandey OP (2013) Absorption spectroscopic studies on gamma irradiated
bismuth borosilicate glasses. J Mol Struct 1049:386–391
15 Spectroscopic Characterization of Silicate Amorphous Materials
481