26. Spaldin NA, Pickett WE (2003) Computational design of multifunctional materials. J Solid
State Chem 176:615–632
27. Wang KF, Liu J-M, Ren ZF (2009) Multiferroicity: the coupling between magnetic and
polarization orders. Adv Phys 58:321–448
28. Park J-G, Le MD, Jeong J, Lee S (2014) Structure and spin dynamics of multiferroric BiFeO 3 .
J Phys Condens Matter 26:433202
29. Sim H, Peets DC, Lee S, Lee S, Kamiyama T, Ikeda K, Otomo T, Cheong S-W, Park J-G
(2014) High-resolution structure studies and magnetoelectric coupling of relaxor multiferroic
Pb(Fe 0.5 Nb 0.5 )O 3 . Phys Rev B 90:214438
30. Tilley RJD (2016) Perovskites: structure-property relationships. Wiley, Chichester
31. Coey JMD (2010) Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge
32. Gilleo MA (1960) Superexchange interaction in ferrimagnetic garnets and spinels which
contain randomly incomplete linkages. J Phys Chem Solids 13:33–39
33. Anderson PW (1950) Antiferromagnetism theory of superexchange interaction. Phys Rev
79:350–356
34. Anderson PW (1963) Theory of magnetic exchange interactions: exchange in insulators and
semiconductors. Solid State Phys 14:99–214
35. Dionne GF (2009) Magnetic oxides. Springer, US, Boston
36. Sosnowska I, Loewenhaupt M, David WIF, Ibberson RM (1992) Investigation of the unusual
magnetic spiral arrangement in BiFeO 3 . Phys Rev B 180–181:117–118
37. Teague JR, Gerson R, James WJ (1970) Dielectric hysteresis in single crystal BiFeO 3 . Solid
State Comm 8:1073–1074
38. Kubel F, Schmid H (1990) Structure of a ferroelectric and ferroelastic monodomain crystal of
the perovskite BiFeO 3 . Acta Crystallogr B 46:698–702
39. Fujii K, Kato H, Omoto K, Yashima M, Chen J, Xing X (2013) Experimental visualization of
the Bi–O covalency in ferroelectric bismuth ferrite (BiFeO 3 ) by synchrotron X-ray powder
diffraction analysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 15:6779–6782
40. Momma K, Izumi F (2011) VESTA 3 for three-dimensional visualization of crystal,
volumetric and morphology data. J Appl Crystallogr 44:1272–1276
41. Zhang S-T, Zhang Y, Lu M-H, Du C-L, Chen Y-F, Liu Z-G, Zhu Y-Y, Ming N-B, Pan XQ
(2006) Substitution-induced phase transition and enhanced multiferroic properties of Bi 1
−x La x FeO 3 ceramics. Appl Phys Lett 88:162901
42. Wang J, Neaton JB, Zheng H, Nagarajan V, Ogale SB, Liu B, Viehland D, Vaithyanathan V,
Schlom DG, Waghmare UV, Spaldin NA, Rabe KM, Wuttig M, Ramesh R (2003) Epitaxial
BiFeO 3 multiferroic thin film heterostructures. Science 299:1719–1722
43. Ravindran P, Vidya R, Kjekshus A, Fjellvag H, Eriksson O (2006) Theoretical investigation
of magnetoelectric behavior in BiFeO 3 . Phys Rev B 74:224412
44. Sosnowska I, Schäfer W, Kockelmann W, Andersen KH, Troyanchuk IO (2002) Crystal
structure and spiral magnetic ordering of BiFeO 3 doped with manganese. Appl Phys A
74:1040–1042
45. Dzyaloshinsky I (1958) A thermodynamic theory of “weak” ferromagnetism of antiferromagnetics. J Phys Chem Solids 4:241–255
46. Moriya T (1960) Anisotropic superexchange interaction and weak ferromagnetism. Phys Rev
120:91–98
47. Sergienko IA, Dagotto E (2006) Role of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in multiferroic
perovskites. Phys Rev B 73:94434
48. Cheong S-W, Mostovoy M (2007) Multiferroics: a magnetic twist for ferroelectricity. Nat
Mater 6:13–20
49. Arima T, Tokunaga A, Goto T, Kimura H, Noda Y, Tokura Y (2006) Collinear to spiral spin
transformation without changing the modulation wavelength upon ferroelectric transition in
Tb 1−x Dy x MnO 3 . Phys Rev Lett 96:97202
50. Blaauw C, van der Woude F (1973) Magnetic and structural properties of BiFeO 3 . J Phys C
Solid State Phys 6:1422–1431
298
P. Stoch and A. Stoch
State Chem 176:615–632
27. Wang KF, Liu J-M, Ren ZF (2009) Multiferroicity: the coupling between magnetic and
polarization orders. Adv Phys 58:321–448
28. Park J-G, Le MD, Jeong J, Lee S (2014) Structure and spin dynamics of multiferroric BiFeO 3 .
J Phys Condens Matter 26:433202
29. Sim H, Peets DC, Lee S, Lee S, Kamiyama T, Ikeda K, Otomo T, Cheong S-W, Park J-G
(2014) High-resolution structure studies and magnetoelectric coupling of relaxor multiferroic
Pb(Fe 0.5 Nb 0.5 )O 3 . Phys Rev B 90:214438
30. Tilley RJD (2016) Perovskites: structure-property relationships. Wiley, Chichester
31. Coey JMD (2010) Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge
32. Gilleo MA (1960) Superexchange interaction in ferrimagnetic garnets and spinels which
contain randomly incomplete linkages. J Phys Chem Solids 13:33–39
33. Anderson PW (1950) Antiferromagnetism theory of superexchange interaction. Phys Rev
79:350–356
34. Anderson PW (1963) Theory of magnetic exchange interactions: exchange in insulators and
semiconductors. Solid State Phys 14:99–214
35. Dionne GF (2009) Magnetic oxides. Springer, US, Boston
36. Sosnowska I, Loewenhaupt M, David WIF, Ibberson RM (1992) Investigation of the unusual
magnetic spiral arrangement in BiFeO 3 . Phys Rev B 180–181:117–118
37. Teague JR, Gerson R, James WJ (1970) Dielectric hysteresis in single crystal BiFeO 3 . Solid
State Comm 8:1073–1074
38. Kubel F, Schmid H (1990) Structure of a ferroelectric and ferroelastic monodomain crystal of
the perovskite BiFeO 3 . Acta Crystallogr B 46:698–702
39. Fujii K, Kato H, Omoto K, Yashima M, Chen J, Xing X (2013) Experimental visualization of
the Bi–O covalency in ferroelectric bismuth ferrite (BiFeO 3 ) by synchrotron X-ray powder
diffraction analysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 15:6779–6782
40. Momma K, Izumi F (2011) VESTA 3 for three-dimensional visualization of crystal,
volumetric and morphology data. J Appl Crystallogr 44:1272–1276
41. Zhang S-T, Zhang Y, Lu M-H, Du C-L, Chen Y-F, Liu Z-G, Zhu Y-Y, Ming N-B, Pan XQ
(2006) Substitution-induced phase transition and enhanced multiferroic properties of Bi 1
−x La x FeO 3 ceramics. Appl Phys Lett 88:162901
42. Wang J, Neaton JB, Zheng H, Nagarajan V, Ogale SB, Liu B, Viehland D, Vaithyanathan V,
Schlom DG, Waghmare UV, Spaldin NA, Rabe KM, Wuttig M, Ramesh R (2003) Epitaxial
BiFeO 3 multiferroic thin film heterostructures. Science 299:1719–1722
43. Ravindran P, Vidya R, Kjekshus A, Fjellvag H, Eriksson O (2006) Theoretical investigation
of magnetoelectric behavior in BiFeO 3 . Phys Rev B 74:224412
44. Sosnowska I, Schäfer W, Kockelmann W, Andersen KH, Troyanchuk IO (2002) Crystal
structure and spiral magnetic ordering of BiFeO 3 doped with manganese. Appl Phys A
74:1040–1042
45. Dzyaloshinsky I (1958) A thermodynamic theory of “weak” ferromagnetism of antiferromagnetics. J Phys Chem Solids 4:241–255
46. Moriya T (1960) Anisotropic superexchange interaction and weak ferromagnetism. Phys Rev
120:91–98
47. Sergienko IA, Dagotto E (2006) Role of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in multiferroic
perovskites. Phys Rev B 73:94434
48. Cheong S-W, Mostovoy M (2007) Multiferroics: a magnetic twist for ferroelectricity. Nat
Mater 6:13–20
49. Arima T, Tokunaga A, Goto T, Kimura H, Noda Y, Tokura Y (2006) Collinear to spiral spin
transformation without changing the modulation wavelength upon ferroelectric transition in
Tb 1−x Dy x MnO 3 . Phys Rev Lett 96:97202
50. Blaauw C, van der Woude F (1973) Magnetic and structural properties of BiFeO 3 . J Phys C
Solid State Phys 6:1422–1431
298
P. Stoch and A. Stoch