Chapter 4
Material Analysis Using Raman
Spectroscopy
A Comparative Study of Graphite,
Single- and Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes
Animesh K. Ojha and H. Michael Heise
Abstract A comparative Raman spectroscopic study of single-walled carbon
nanotubes (SWCNT), special multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) material,
and graphite is presented. Their Raman spectra have been recorded using different
excitation wavelengths, 532, 785, and 1064 nm, in the region of 1800–1200 cm
−1 .
The G-bands of SWCNTs observed at all excitation wavelengths were fitted taking
bands into account with Breit-Wigner-Fano (BWF) and Lorentzian line shape
functions. The contribution of both BWF and Lorentzian line shapes to the
asymmetric G-band shows a mixture of semiconducting as well as metallic CNTs in
the SWCNTs. For graphite and MWCNTs, only Lorentzian line shape functions
were used for band deconvolution. The variation in wavenumber position of
component bands of G-band with laser lines may be due to the resonance Raman
effect, where the energy of laser lines matches with the electronic transition energy
of CNTs with different diameters and chirality. The apparent Young’s modulus of
SWCNT and MWCNT materials was determined using the integrated band intensity ratio of G- and D-bands, I D /I G , and it was found that the SWCNTs have a larger
value of the apparent Young’s modulus compared to that of the highly aligned
MWCNT material.
A. K. Ojha
Department of Physics, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology,
Allahabad 211004, India
H. M. Heise (&)
Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences, South-Westphalia
University of Applied Sciences, Frauenstuhlweg 31, 58644 Iserlohn, Germany
e-mail: heise.h@fh-swf.de
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
A. Koleżyński and M. Król (eds.), Molecular Spectroscopy—Experiment
and Theory, Challenges and Advances in Computational Chemistry
and Physics 26, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01355-4_4
123
Material Analysis Using Raman
Spectroscopy
A Comparative Study of Graphite,
Single- and Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes
Animesh K. Ojha and H. Michael Heise
Abstract A comparative Raman spectroscopic study of single-walled carbon
nanotubes (SWCNT), special multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) material,
and graphite is presented. Their Raman spectra have been recorded using different
excitation wavelengths, 532, 785, and 1064 nm, in the region of 1800–1200 cm
−1 .
The G-bands of SWCNTs observed at all excitation wavelengths were fitted taking
bands into account with Breit-Wigner-Fano (BWF) and Lorentzian line shape
functions. The contribution of both BWF and Lorentzian line shapes to the
asymmetric G-band shows a mixture of semiconducting as well as metallic CNTs in
the SWCNTs. For graphite and MWCNTs, only Lorentzian line shape functions
were used for band deconvolution. The variation in wavenumber position of
component bands of G-band with laser lines may be due to the resonance Raman
effect, where the energy of laser lines matches with the electronic transition energy
of CNTs with different diameters and chirality. The apparent Young’s modulus of
SWCNT and MWCNT materials was determined using the integrated band intensity ratio of G- and D-bands, I D /I G , and it was found that the SWCNTs have a larger
value of the apparent Young’s modulus compared to that of the highly aligned
MWCNT material.
A. K. Ojha
Department of Physics, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology,
Allahabad 211004, India
H. M. Heise (&)
Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences, South-Westphalia
University of Applied Sciences, Frauenstuhlweg 31, 58644 Iserlohn, Germany
e-mail: heise.h@fh-swf.de
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
A. Koleżyński and M. Król (eds.), Molecular Spectroscopy—Experiment
and Theory, Challenges and Advances in Computational Chemistry
and Physics 26, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01355-4_4
123