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P. H. Havea and A. De Ramon N’Yeurt
Methods
a. Methodology
Information for this study was collected using a mixed method approach
(Creswell and Plano Clark 2011; Clark and Ivankova 2016) named Concurrent
Convergence Parallel Triangulation Design (CCPTD) of 460 residents from five
coastal communities in Tongatapu, the main island of Tonga. The quantitative
study used a self-administered questionnaire (N = 460) and climate change data
such as sea-level rise, temperature changes, rainfall pattern variation, drought,
Extreme Weather Events (EWE) (e.g., cyclones), and seasonal variation. Other
impacting factors were included such as flooding and ocean acidification. In
complementing this data, the qualitative study used Focus Group Discussion
(FGD) in the form of a workshop (n = 28), an In-depth Interview (IDI) (n = 24),
Key Informant Interview (KII) (n = 12), photos, video footage and observation
in the field. The complete analysis of the quantitative data is presented in the first
author’s PhD thesis. Here, the focus is on using that information to modelling of
the three cords God’s knot framework.
b. Data analysis
The strategy used for data analysis was a convergence model. First, the quantitative data were analysed using the frequency analysis, correlation and regression. Second, the qualitative data were then analysed using a thematic analytical
strategy. Once this had been done, the data were then analysed using a comparative and networking analysis. This strategy allowed modelling the data into
the ‘God-knot’ framework comprising the cord of three strands to guide the
community-based implementation of resilience and sustainability by 2030 and
beyond. The software packages used to analyse the data were SPSS, Tableau,
NVivo, and R. The information gathered from this analysis was then used to
develop the model using Smart Draw. Smart draw allows the researcher to connect
variable themes and the outcome of that collaboration between scientists, science,
people and religious leaders is the achievement of resilient communities now and
in the future.
c. Development of the ‘three cords God-knot’ framework
Before building this model, the researcher should have some basic conceptual
framework or foundation to guide the analysis. In this chapter, the authors have
used a Tongan concept/theory: “ko e malohinga ha fonua ko hono pule‘anga,
siasi mo e fonua” (the strength of a nation is his State, Church and land). In the
Bible (Bible Society of the South Pacific 1966), the same theory is advocated by
Ecclesiastes but instead in the ideology of a cord of three strands principle. This
concept was then borrowed by the authors and used to associate climate change
and religion to build the three cords God-knot framework. The first author’s
PhD thesis impinges on this framework because the people in Tonga indicated
strongly their perceived need to integrate the God factor to address issues of
climate change and science. This chapter extends that theory to demonstrate that
such a model is well-suited to both the context of Tonga and the wider Pacific
P. H. Havea and A. De Ramon N’Yeurt
Methods
a. Methodology
Information for this study was collected using a mixed method approach
(Creswell and Plano Clark 2011; Clark and Ivankova 2016) named Concurrent
Convergence Parallel Triangulation Design (CCPTD) of 460 residents from five
coastal communities in Tongatapu, the main island of Tonga. The quantitative
study used a self-administered questionnaire (N = 460) and climate change data
such as sea-level rise, temperature changes, rainfall pattern variation, drought,
Extreme Weather Events (EWE) (e.g., cyclones), and seasonal variation. Other
impacting factors were included such as flooding and ocean acidification. In
complementing this data, the qualitative study used Focus Group Discussion
(FGD) in the form of a workshop (n = 28), an In-depth Interview (IDI) (n = 24),
Key Informant Interview (KII) (n = 12), photos, video footage and observation
in the field. The complete analysis of the quantitative data is presented in the first
author’s PhD thesis. Here, the focus is on using that information to modelling of
the three cords God’s knot framework.
b. Data analysis
The strategy used for data analysis was a convergence model. First, the quantitative data were analysed using the frequency analysis, correlation and regression. Second, the qualitative data were then analysed using a thematic analytical
strategy. Once this had been done, the data were then analysed using a comparative and networking analysis. This strategy allowed modelling the data into
the ‘God-knot’ framework comprising the cord of three strands to guide the
community-based implementation of resilience and sustainability by 2030 and
beyond. The software packages used to analyse the data were SPSS, Tableau,
NVivo, and R. The information gathered from this analysis was then used to
develop the model using Smart Draw. Smart draw allows the researcher to connect
variable themes and the outcome of that collaboration between scientists, science,
people and religious leaders is the achievement of resilient communities now and
in the future.
c. Development of the ‘three cords God-knot’ framework
Before building this model, the researcher should have some basic conceptual
framework or foundation to guide the analysis. In this chapter, the authors have
used a Tongan concept/theory: “ko e malohinga ha fonua ko hono pule‘anga,
siasi mo e fonua” (the strength of a nation is his State, Church and land). In the
Bible (Bible Society of the South Pacific 1966), the same theory is advocated by
Ecclesiastes but instead in the ideology of a cord of three strands principle. This
concept was then borrowed by the authors and used to associate climate change
and religion to build the three cords God-knot framework. The first author’s
PhD thesis impinges on this framework because the people in Tonga indicated
strongly their perceived need to integrate the God factor to address issues of
climate change and science. This chapter extends that theory to demonstrate that
such a model is well-suited to both the context of Tonga and the wider Pacific