Table 1 Main characteristics of selected publications – primary objective (i.e. leak/burst detection
or leak/burst detection and localisation) and problem formulation/solution
Detection/
localisation
Problem formulation/solution
Farley et al. [30]
Detection
Threshold applied to the chi-squared matrix + complete
enumeration (only two additional pressure sensors
considered)
Farley et al. [11]
Detection and
localisation
Threshold and uncertainty band applied to the
chi-squared matrix + optimisation using a GA
Pérez et al. [31]
Detection and
localisation
Threshold applied to the leak/burst sensitivity
matrix + optimisation using a GA
Casillas et al. [39]
Detection and
localisation
Angle method to analyse the leak/burst sensitivity
matrix + optimisation using a semi-exhaustive search/
GA
Sarrate et al. [42]
Detection and
localisation
Structural model of a DMA + depth-first branch and
bound search algorithm
Sarrate et al. [44]
Detection and
localisation
Structural model of a DMA + k-means clustering + depth-first branch and bound search algorithm
Wu and Song [49]
Detection
Threshold based on the accuracy of sensors + optimisation using a GA in the Darwin optimization framework
Hagos et al. [52]
Detection
Statistical process control + linear programming for the
optimisation
Huang et al. [57]
Detection
Influence coefficient matrix + fuzzy self-organising
map neural network clustering
Candelieri et al. [59] Detection and
localisation
Spectral clustering + support vector machines
classification
Boatwright et al. [63] Detection and
localisation
Spatially constrained version of the inverse distance
weighted geospatial interpolation technique + optimisation using the GALAXY multi-objective evolutionary
algorithm
Blesa et al. [73]
Detection and
localisation
Projections calculated from the extended sensitivity
matrix + two-step hybrid methodology combining evidential c-means clustering algorithm and an exhaustive
search
Casillas et al. [75]
Detection and
localisation
Leak signature space method + optimisation using a
GA/PSO
Steffelbauer and
Fuchs-Hanusch [78]
Detection and
localisation
Angle method between the general sensitivity of
potential measurement points with respect to all possible leak scenarios and residual vectors + optimisation
using a GA
Puleo et al. [80]
Detection
Identifiability analysis
Raei et al. [84]
Detection
Threshold based on the accuracy of sensors and ranking
applied to the absolute error matrix + optimisation using
the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II
Forconi et al. [83]
Detection
Threshold based on the accuracy of sensors + ranking
using the Max-Sum method [95]
Review of Techniques for Optimal Placement of Pressure and Flow Sensors. . .
47
or leak/burst detection and localisation) and problem formulation/solution
Detection/
localisation
Problem formulation/solution
Farley et al. [30]
Detection
Threshold applied to the chi-squared matrix + complete
enumeration (only two additional pressure sensors
considered)
Farley et al. [11]
Detection and
localisation
Threshold and uncertainty band applied to the
chi-squared matrix + optimisation using a GA
Pérez et al. [31]
Detection and
localisation
Threshold applied to the leak/burst sensitivity
matrix + optimisation using a GA
Casillas et al. [39]
Detection and
localisation
Angle method to analyse the leak/burst sensitivity
matrix + optimisation using a semi-exhaustive search/
GA
Sarrate et al. [42]
Detection and
localisation
Structural model of a DMA + depth-first branch and
bound search algorithm
Sarrate et al. [44]
Detection and
localisation
Structural model of a DMA + k-means clustering + depth-first branch and bound search algorithm
Wu and Song [49]
Detection
Threshold based on the accuracy of sensors + optimisation using a GA in the Darwin optimization framework
Hagos et al. [52]
Detection
Statistical process control + linear programming for the
optimisation
Huang et al. [57]
Detection
Influence coefficient matrix + fuzzy self-organising
map neural network clustering
Candelieri et al. [59] Detection and
localisation
Spectral clustering + support vector machines
classification
Boatwright et al. [63] Detection and
localisation
Spatially constrained version of the inverse distance
weighted geospatial interpolation technique + optimisation using the GALAXY multi-objective evolutionary
algorithm
Blesa et al. [73]
Detection and
localisation
Projections calculated from the extended sensitivity
matrix + two-step hybrid methodology combining evidential c-means clustering algorithm and an exhaustive
search
Casillas et al. [75]
Detection and
localisation
Leak signature space method + optimisation using a
GA/PSO
Steffelbauer and
Fuchs-Hanusch [78]
Detection and
localisation
Angle method between the general sensitivity of
potential measurement points with respect to all possible leak scenarios and residual vectors + optimisation
using a GA
Puleo et al. [80]
Detection
Identifiability analysis
Raei et al. [84]
Detection
Threshold based on the accuracy of sensors and ranking
applied to the absolute error matrix + optimisation using
the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II
Forconi et al. [83]
Detection
Threshold based on the accuracy of sensors + ranking
using the Max-Sum method [95]
Review of Techniques for Optimal Placement of Pressure and Flow Sensors. . .
47