Editors
Andrea Scozzari
National Research Council of Italy
Institute of Information Science and
Technologies (CNR-ISTI)
Pisa, Italy
Steve Mounce
Department of Civil and Structural
Engineering
University of Sheffield
Sheffield, UK
Dawei Han
Department of Civil Engineering
University of Bristol
Bristol, UK
Francesco Soldovieri
National Research Council of Italy
Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing
of the Environment (CNR-IREA)
Napoli, Italy
Dimitri Solomatine
Hydroinformatics Chair, IHE Institute for
Water Education and Water Resources Section
Delft University of Technology
Delft, The Netherlands
ISSN 1867-979X
ISSN 1616-864X (electronic)
The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry
ISBN 978-3-030-61972-5
ISBN 978-3-030-61973-2 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61973-2
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of
the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or
information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar
methodology now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt
from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book
are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the
editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any
errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional
claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Andrea Scozzari
National Research Council of Italy
Institute of Information Science and
Technologies (CNR-ISTI)
Pisa, Italy
Steve Mounce
Department of Civil and Structural
Engineering
University of Sheffield
Sheffield, UK
Dawei Han
Department of Civil Engineering
University of Bristol
Bristol, UK
Francesco Soldovieri
National Research Council of Italy
Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing
of the Environment (CNR-IREA)
Napoli, Italy
Dimitri Solomatine
Hydroinformatics Chair, IHE Institute for
Water Education and Water Resources Section
Delft University of Technology
Delft, The Netherlands
ISSN 1867-979X
ISSN 1616-864X (electronic)
The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry
ISBN 978-3-030-61972-5
ISBN 978-3-030-61973-2 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61973-2
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of
the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or
information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar
methodology now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt
from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book
are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the
editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any
errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional
claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland