138
Mulholland, M., & Capone, D. G. (2009). Nitrogen fixation in the Indian Ocean N cycle. In J. D.
Wiggert, R. R. Hood, S. W. A. Naqvi, K. H. Brink, & S. L. Smith (Eds.), Indian Ocean biogeochemical processes and ecological variability, vol 2009. Washington, DC: AGU Press.
Mulholland, M. R., Bernhardt, P. W., Blanco-Garcia, J. L., Mannino, A., Hyde, K., et al. (2012).
Rates of dinitrogen fixation and the abundance of diazotrophs in North American coastal waters
between Cape Hatteras and Georges Bank. Limnology and Oceanography, 57(4), 1067–1083.
Mulholland, M. R., Bernhardt, P. W., Widner, B. N., Selden, C. R., Chappell, P. D., et al. (2019). High
rates of N 2 fixation in temperate, western North Atlantic coastal waters expands the realm of
marine diazotrophy. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GB006130.
Needham, D. M., Fichot, E. B., Wang, E., Berdjeb, L., Cram, J. A., et al. (2018). Dynamics and
interactions of highly resolved marine plankton via automated high-frequency sampling. The
ISME Journal. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396- 018- 0169- y.
Needoba, J. A., Foster, R. A., Sakamoto, C., Zehr, J. P., & Johnson, K. S. (2007). Nitrogen fixation
by unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacteria in the temperate oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean.
Limnology and Oceanography, 52(4), 1317–1327.
Newell, S. E., Pritchard, K. R., Foster, S. Q., & Fulweiler, R. W. (2016). Molecular evidence for
sediment nitrogen fixation in a temperate New England estuary. PeerJ, 4, e1615. https://doi.
org/10.7717/peerj.1615.
Niemi, A. (1979). Blue-green algal blooms and N:P ratio in the Baltic Sea. Acta Botanica Fennica,
110, 57–61.
Olofsson, M., Suikkanen, S., Kobos, J., Wasmund, N., & Karlson, B. (2020). Basin-specific changes
in filamentous cyanobacteria community composition across four decades in the Baltic Sea.
Harmful Algae, 91, 101685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2019.101685. PMID – 32057344.
Orcutt, K. M., Lipschultz, F., Gunderson, K., Arimoto, R., Michaels, A. F., et al. (2001). A seasonal study of the significance of N 2 fixation by Trichodesmium spp. at the Bermuda Atlantic
Time-series Study (BATS) site. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography,
48(8–9), 1583–1608.
Ortega-Retuerta, E., Jeffrey, W. H., Ghiglione, J. F., & Joux, F. (2011). Evidence of heterotrophic
prokaryotic activity limitation by nitrogen in the Western Arctic Ocean during summer. Polar
Biology, 35(5), 785–794. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300- 011- 1109- 8.
Paerl, H. W., Prufert-Bebout, L., & Guo, C. (1994). Iron stimulated N 2 fixation and growth in natural and cultured populations of the planktonic marine cyanobacterium Trichodesmium. Applied
and Environmental Microbiology, 60, 1044–1047.
Paerl, H. W., Fitzpatrick, M., & Bebout, B. M. (1996). Seasonal nitrogen fixation dynamics in a
marine microbial mat: Potential roles of cyanobacteria and microheterotrophs. Limnology and
Oceanography, 41, 419–427.
Pedersen, J. N., Bombar, D., Paerl, R. W., & Riemann, L. (2018). Diazotrophs and N 2 -fixation
associated with particles in coastal estuarine waters. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9, 2759.
Ploug, H., Musat, N., Adam, B., Moraru, C. L., Lavik, G., et al. (2010). Carbon and nitrogen fluxes
associated with the cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon sp. in the Baltic Sea. The ISME Journal,
4(9), 1215–1223. https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2010.53.
Poulton, A. J., Stinchcombe, M. C., & Quartly, G. D. (2009). High numbers of Trichodesmium and
diazotrophic diatoms in the southwest Indian Ocean. Geophysical Research Letters, 36(15),
L15610.
Raes, E. J., Kamp, J. v. d., Bodrossy, L., Fong, A. A., Riekenberg, J., et al. (2020). N 2 fixation
and new insights into nitrification from the ice-edge to the equator in the South Pacific Ocean.
Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, 389. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00389.
Rees, A. P., Gilbert, J. A., & Kelly-Gerreyn, B. A. (2009). Nitrogen fixation in the western English
Channel (NE Atlantic Ocean). The Marine Ecology Progress Series, 374, 7–12.
Ribeiro, C. G., Santos, A. L. D., Marie, D., Brandini, F. P., & Vaulot, D. (2018). Small eukaryotic
phytoplankton communities in tropical waters off Brazil are dominated by symbioses between
Haptophyta and nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. The ISME Journal, 12(5), 1360–1374. https://
doi.org/10.1038/s41396- 018- 0050- z. PMID – 29426951.
7 Biogeography of N 2 Fixation in the Surface Ocean
Mulholland, M., & Capone, D. G. (2009). Nitrogen fixation in the Indian Ocean N cycle. In J. D.
Wiggert, R. R. Hood, S. W. A. Naqvi, K. H. Brink, & S. L. Smith (Eds.), Indian Ocean biogeochemical processes and ecological variability, vol 2009. Washington, DC: AGU Press.
Mulholland, M. R., Bernhardt, P. W., Blanco-Garcia, J. L., Mannino, A., Hyde, K., et al. (2012).
Rates of dinitrogen fixation and the abundance of diazotrophs in North American coastal waters
between Cape Hatteras and Georges Bank. Limnology and Oceanography, 57(4), 1067–1083.
Mulholland, M. R., Bernhardt, P. W., Widner, B. N., Selden, C. R., Chappell, P. D., et al. (2019). High
rates of N 2 fixation in temperate, western North Atlantic coastal waters expands the realm of
marine diazotrophy. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GB006130.
Needham, D. M., Fichot, E. B., Wang, E., Berdjeb, L., Cram, J. A., et al. (2018). Dynamics and
interactions of highly resolved marine plankton via automated high-frequency sampling. The
ISME Journal. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396- 018- 0169- y.
Needoba, J. A., Foster, R. A., Sakamoto, C., Zehr, J. P., & Johnson, K. S. (2007). Nitrogen fixation
by unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacteria in the temperate oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean.
Limnology and Oceanography, 52(4), 1317–1327.
Newell, S. E., Pritchard, K. R., Foster, S. Q., & Fulweiler, R. W. (2016). Molecular evidence for
sediment nitrogen fixation in a temperate New England estuary. PeerJ, 4, e1615. https://doi.
org/10.7717/peerj.1615.
Niemi, A. (1979). Blue-green algal blooms and N:P ratio in the Baltic Sea. Acta Botanica Fennica,
110, 57–61.
Olofsson, M., Suikkanen, S., Kobos, J., Wasmund, N., & Karlson, B. (2020). Basin-specific changes
in filamentous cyanobacteria community composition across four decades in the Baltic Sea.
Harmful Algae, 91, 101685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2019.101685. PMID – 32057344.
Orcutt, K. M., Lipschultz, F., Gunderson, K., Arimoto, R., Michaels, A. F., et al. (2001). A seasonal study of the significance of N 2 fixation by Trichodesmium spp. at the Bermuda Atlantic
Time-series Study (BATS) site. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography,
48(8–9), 1583–1608.
Ortega-Retuerta, E., Jeffrey, W. H., Ghiglione, J. F., & Joux, F. (2011). Evidence of heterotrophic
prokaryotic activity limitation by nitrogen in the Western Arctic Ocean during summer. Polar
Biology, 35(5), 785–794. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300- 011- 1109- 8.
Paerl, H. W., Prufert-Bebout, L., & Guo, C. (1994). Iron stimulated N 2 fixation and growth in natural and cultured populations of the planktonic marine cyanobacterium Trichodesmium. Applied
and Environmental Microbiology, 60, 1044–1047.
Paerl, H. W., Fitzpatrick, M., & Bebout, B. M. (1996). Seasonal nitrogen fixation dynamics in a
marine microbial mat: Potential roles of cyanobacteria and microheterotrophs. Limnology and
Oceanography, 41, 419–427.
Pedersen, J. N., Bombar, D., Paerl, R. W., & Riemann, L. (2018). Diazotrophs and N 2 -fixation
associated with particles in coastal estuarine waters. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9, 2759.
Ploug, H., Musat, N., Adam, B., Moraru, C. L., Lavik, G., et al. (2010). Carbon and nitrogen fluxes
associated with the cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon sp. in the Baltic Sea. The ISME Journal,
4(9), 1215–1223. https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2010.53.
Poulton, A. J., Stinchcombe, M. C., & Quartly, G. D. (2009). High numbers of Trichodesmium and
diazotrophic diatoms in the southwest Indian Ocean. Geophysical Research Letters, 36(15),
L15610.
Raes, E. J., Kamp, J. v. d., Bodrossy, L., Fong, A. A., Riekenberg, J., et al. (2020). N 2 fixation
and new insights into nitrification from the ice-edge to the equator in the South Pacific Ocean.
Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, 389. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00389.
Rees, A. P., Gilbert, J. A., & Kelly-Gerreyn, B. A. (2009). Nitrogen fixation in the western English
Channel (NE Atlantic Ocean). The Marine Ecology Progress Series, 374, 7–12.
Ribeiro, C. G., Santos, A. L. D., Marie, D., Brandini, F. P., & Vaulot, D. (2018). Small eukaryotic
phytoplankton communities in tropical waters off Brazil are dominated by symbioses between
Haptophyta and nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. The ISME Journal, 12(5), 1360–1374. https://
doi.org/10.1038/s41396- 018- 0050- z. PMID – 29426951.
7 Biogeography of N 2 Fixation in the Surface Ocean