132
distributions and providing credible predictions for future trends. Little is known
about the biogeography of N 2 fixation in the benthos and this remains a research
frontier. New far ranging global surveys of N 2 -fixers are just emerging and should
add much to our current knowledge of the biogeography diazotrophs in the open
ocean (e.g. Morando et al. in review).
References
Affourtit, J., Zehr, J. P., & Paerl, H. W. (2001). Distribution of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms
along the Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina. Microbial Ecology, 41(2), 114–123.
Ahmed, A., Gauns, M., Kurian, S., Bardhan, P., Pratihary, A., et al. (2017). Nitrogen fixation rates
in the eastern Arabian Sea. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 191, 74–83.
Anderson, E. E., Wilson, C., Knap, A. H., & Villareal, T. A. (2018). Summer diatom blooms in
the eastern North Pacific gyre investigated with a long-endurance autonomous surface vehicle.
PeerJ, 6, e5387.
Barton, A. D., Pershing, A. J., Litchman, E., Record, N. R., Edwards, K. F., et al. (2013). The biogeography of marine plankton traits. Ecology Letters, 16(4), 522–534. https://doi.org/10.1111/
ele.12063.
Benavides, M., Bonnet, S., Hernández, N., Martínez-Pérez, A. M., Nieto-Cid, M., et al. (2016a).
Basin-wide N 2 fixation in the deep waters of the Mediterranean Sea. Global Biogeochemical
Cycles, 30(6), 952–961. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gb005326.
Benavides, M., Moisander, P. H., Daley, M. C., Bode, A., & Aristegui, J. (2016b). Longitudinal
variability of diazotroph abundances in the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean. Journal of
Plankton Research, 38(3), 662–672. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbv121.
Benavides, M., Berthelot, H., Duhamel, S., Raimbault, P., & Bonnet, S. (2017). Dissolved organic
matter uptake by Trichodesmium in the Southwest Pacific. Scientific Reports, 7, 41315. https://
doi.org/10.1038/srep41315.
Bentzon-Tilia, M., Traving, S. J., Mantikci, M., Knudsen-Leerbeck, H., Hansen, J. L. S., et al.
(2015). Significant N 2 fixation by heterotrophs, photoheterotrophs and heterocystous cyanobacteria in two temperate estuaries. The ISME Journal, 9(2), 273–285.
Béthoux, J. P., & Copin-Montégut, G. (1986). Biological fixation of atmospheric nitrogen in the
Mediterranean Sea. Limnology and Oceanography, 31(6), 1353–1358. https://doi.org/10.4319/
lo.1986.31.6.1353.
Beversdorf, L., White, A., Björkman, K., Letelier, R., & Karl, D. (2010). Phosphonate metabolism by Trichodesmium IMS101 and the production of greenhouse gases. Limnology and
Oceanography, 55(4), 1768–1778.
Bianchi, T. S., Engelhaupt, E., Westman, P., Andrén, T., Rolff, C., et al. (2000). Cyanobacterial
blooms in the Baltic Sea: Natural or human-induced? Limnology and Oceanography, 45(3),
716–726. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2000.45.3.0716.
Blais, M., Tremblay, J. E., Jungblut, A. D., Gagnon, J., Martin, J., et al. (2012). Nitrogen fixation and identification of potential diazotrophs in the Canadian Arctic. Global Biogeochemical
Cycles, 26(3), GB3022. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gb004096.
Bombar, D., Moisander, P. H., Dippner, J. W., Foster, R. A., Voss, M., et al. (2011). Distribution
of diazotrophic microorganisms and nifH gene expression in the Mekong River plume during
intermonsoon. The Marine Ecology Progress Series, 424, 39–52.
Bombar, D., Paerl, R. W., & Riemann, L. (2016). Marine non-cyanobacterial diazotrophs: Moving
beyond molecular detection. Trends in Microbiology, 24(11), 916–927.
Bonnet, S., Guieu, C., Bruyant, F., Prásil, O., Van Wambeke, F., et al. (2007). Nutrients limitation of primary productivity in the Southeast Pacific (BIOSOPE cruise). Biogeosciences
Discussions, 4(4), 2733–2759.
7 Biogeography of N 2 Fixation in the Surface Ocean
distributions and providing credible predictions for future trends. Little is known
about the biogeography of N 2 fixation in the benthos and this remains a research
frontier. New far ranging global surveys of N 2 -fixers are just emerging and should
add much to our current knowledge of the biogeography diazotrophs in the open
ocean (e.g. Morando et al. in review).
References
Affourtit, J., Zehr, J. P., & Paerl, H. W. (2001). Distribution of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms
along the Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina. Microbial Ecology, 41(2), 114–123.
Ahmed, A., Gauns, M., Kurian, S., Bardhan, P., Pratihary, A., et al. (2017). Nitrogen fixation rates
in the eastern Arabian Sea. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 191, 74–83.
Anderson, E. E., Wilson, C., Knap, A. H., & Villareal, T. A. (2018). Summer diatom blooms in
the eastern North Pacific gyre investigated with a long-endurance autonomous surface vehicle.
PeerJ, 6, e5387.
Barton, A. D., Pershing, A. J., Litchman, E., Record, N. R., Edwards, K. F., et al. (2013). The biogeography of marine plankton traits. Ecology Letters, 16(4), 522–534. https://doi.org/10.1111/
ele.12063.
Benavides, M., Bonnet, S., Hernández, N., Martínez-Pérez, A. M., Nieto-Cid, M., et al. (2016a).
Basin-wide N 2 fixation in the deep waters of the Mediterranean Sea. Global Biogeochemical
Cycles, 30(6), 952–961. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gb005326.
Benavides, M., Moisander, P. H., Daley, M. C., Bode, A., & Aristegui, J. (2016b). Longitudinal
variability of diazotroph abundances in the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean. Journal of
Plankton Research, 38(3), 662–672. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbv121.
Benavides, M., Berthelot, H., Duhamel, S., Raimbault, P., & Bonnet, S. (2017). Dissolved organic
matter uptake by Trichodesmium in the Southwest Pacific. Scientific Reports, 7, 41315. https://
doi.org/10.1038/srep41315.
Bentzon-Tilia, M., Traving, S. J., Mantikci, M., Knudsen-Leerbeck, H., Hansen, J. L. S., et al.
(2015). Significant N 2 fixation by heterotrophs, photoheterotrophs and heterocystous cyanobacteria in two temperate estuaries. The ISME Journal, 9(2), 273–285.
Béthoux, J. P., & Copin-Montégut, G. (1986). Biological fixation of atmospheric nitrogen in the
Mediterranean Sea. Limnology and Oceanography, 31(6), 1353–1358. https://doi.org/10.4319/
lo.1986.31.6.1353.
Beversdorf, L., White, A., Björkman, K., Letelier, R., & Karl, D. (2010). Phosphonate metabolism by Trichodesmium IMS101 and the production of greenhouse gases. Limnology and
Oceanography, 55(4), 1768–1778.
Bianchi, T. S., Engelhaupt, E., Westman, P., Andrén, T., Rolff, C., et al. (2000). Cyanobacterial
blooms in the Baltic Sea: Natural or human-induced? Limnology and Oceanography, 45(3),
716–726. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2000.45.3.0716.
Blais, M., Tremblay, J. E., Jungblut, A. D., Gagnon, J., Martin, J., et al. (2012). Nitrogen fixation and identification of potential diazotrophs in the Canadian Arctic. Global Biogeochemical
Cycles, 26(3), GB3022. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gb004096.
Bombar, D., Moisander, P. H., Dippner, J. W., Foster, R. A., Voss, M., et al. (2011). Distribution
of diazotrophic microorganisms and nifH gene expression in the Mekong River plume during
intermonsoon. The Marine Ecology Progress Series, 424, 39–52.
Bombar, D., Paerl, R. W., & Riemann, L. (2016). Marine non-cyanobacterial diazotrophs: Moving
beyond molecular detection. Trends in Microbiology, 24(11), 916–927.
Bonnet, S., Guieu, C., Bruyant, F., Prásil, O., Van Wambeke, F., et al. (2007). Nutrients limitation of primary productivity in the Southeast Pacific (BIOSOPE cruise). Biogeosciences
Discussions, 4(4), 2733–2759.
7 Biogeography of N 2 Fixation in the Surface Ocean