108
Bonnet, S., Berthelot, H., Turk-Kubo, K., Fawcett, S., Rahav, E., et al. (2016). Dynamics of N 2
fixation and fate of diazotroph-derived nitrogen in a low-nutrient, low-chlorophyll ecosystem:
Results from the VAHINE mesocosm experiment (New Caledonia). Biogeosciences, 13(9),
2653–2673.
Böttjer, D., Karl, D. M., Letelier, R. M., Viviani, D. A., & Church, M. J. (2014). Experimental
assessment of diazotroph responses to elevated seawater pCO 2 in the North Pacific subtropical
gyre. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 28, 601.
Böttjer, D., Dore, J. E., Karl, D. M., Letelier, R. M., Mahaffey, C., et al. (2017). Temporal variability of nitrogen fixation and particulate nitrogen export at station ALOHA. Limnology and
Oceanography, 62(1), 200–216.
Braun, S., Proctor, L., Zani, S., Mellon, M. T., & Zehr, J. P. (1999). Molecular evidence for
zooplankton- associated nitrogen-fixing anaerobes based on amplification of the nifH gene.
FEMS Microbiology Letters, 28, 273–279.
Breitbarth, E., Oschlies, A., & LaRoche, J. (2007). Physiological constraints on the global distribution of Trichodesmium – Effect of temperature on diazotrophy. Biogeosciences, 4(1), 53–61.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg- 4- 53- 2007.
Brown, J. M., LaBarre, B. A., & Hewson, I. (2013). Characterization of Trichodesmium-associated
viral communities in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 84, 603–613.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1574- 6941.12088.
Cai, X., Gao, K., Fu, F., Campbell, D. A., Beardall, J., et al. (2015). Electron transport kinetics
in the diazotrophic cyanobacterium Trichodesmium spp. grown across a range of light levels.
Photosynthesis Research, 124, 45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120- 015- 0081- 5.
Capone, D. G. (1988). Benthic nitrogen fixation. In T. H. Blackburn & J. Sorensen (Eds.), Nitrogen
cycling in coastal marine environments (pp. 85–123). New York: Wiley.
Capone, D. G., Ferrier, M. D., & Carpenter, E. J. (1994). Amino acid cycling in colonies of the
planktonic marine cyanobacterium Trichodesmium thiebautii. Applied and Environmental
Microbiology, 60, 3989–3995.
Carpenter, E. J. (1972). Nitrogen fixation by a blue-green epiphyte on pelagic Sargassum. Science,
178, 1207–1209.
Carpenter, E. J., & Capone, D. G. (1992). Nitrogen fixation in Trichodesmium blooms. In E. J.
Carpenter, D. G. Capone, & J. G. Rueter (Eds.), Marine pelagic cyanobacteria: Trichodesmium
and other diazotrophs (pp. 211–218). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Carpenter, E. J., & Price, C. C. (1976). Marine Oscillatoria (Trichodesmium): Explanation for
aerobic nitrogen fixation without heterocysts. Science, 191, 1278–1280.
Carpenter, E. J., Van Raalte, C. D., & Valiela, I. (1978). Nitrogen fixation by algae in a Massachusetts
salt marsh. Limnology and Oceanography, 23, 318–327.
Carpenter, E., Oneil, J., Dawson, R., Capone, D., Siddiqui, P., et al. (1993). The tropical diazotrophic phytoplankter Trichodesmium-biological characteristics of 2 common species. Marine
Ecology Progress Series, 95(3), 295–304.
Carpenter, E. J., Subramaniam, A., & Capone, D. G. (2004). Biomass and primary productivity of
the cyanobacterium, Trichodesmium spp., in the southwestern tropical N Atlantic Ocean. DeepSea Research Part I, 51, 173–203.
Church, M., Ducklow, H., & Karl, D. (2002). Multiyear increases in dissolved organic matter inventories at station ALOHA in the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Limnology and Oceanography,
47(1), 1–10.
Church, M., Short, C., Jenkins, B., Karl, D., & Zehr, J. (2005a). Temporal patterns of nitrogenase
gene (nifH) expression in the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean. Applied and Environmental
Microbiology, 71, 5362.
Church, M. J., Jenkins, B. D., Karl, D. M., & Zehr, J. P. (2005b). Vertical distributions of nitrogenfixing phylotypes at Stn ALOHA in the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean. Aquatic Microbial
Ecology, 38, 3–14.
Church, M. J., Bjorkman, K. M., Karl, D. M., Saito, M. A., & Zehr, J. P. (2008). Regional distributions of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the Pacific Ocean. Limnology and Oceanography, 53(1),
63–77.
6 Factors Controlling N 2 Fixation
Bonnet, S., Berthelot, H., Turk-Kubo, K., Fawcett, S., Rahav, E., et al. (2016). Dynamics of N 2
fixation and fate of diazotroph-derived nitrogen in a low-nutrient, low-chlorophyll ecosystem:
Results from the VAHINE mesocosm experiment (New Caledonia). Biogeosciences, 13(9),
2653–2673.
Böttjer, D., Karl, D. M., Letelier, R. M., Viviani, D. A., & Church, M. J. (2014). Experimental
assessment of diazotroph responses to elevated seawater pCO 2 in the North Pacific subtropical
gyre. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 28, 601.
Böttjer, D., Dore, J. E., Karl, D. M., Letelier, R. M., Mahaffey, C., et al. (2017). Temporal variability of nitrogen fixation and particulate nitrogen export at station ALOHA. Limnology and
Oceanography, 62(1), 200–216.
Braun, S., Proctor, L., Zani, S., Mellon, M. T., & Zehr, J. P. (1999). Molecular evidence for
zooplankton- associated nitrogen-fixing anaerobes based on amplification of the nifH gene.
FEMS Microbiology Letters, 28, 273–279.
Breitbarth, E., Oschlies, A., & LaRoche, J. (2007). Physiological constraints on the global distribution of Trichodesmium – Effect of temperature on diazotrophy. Biogeosciences, 4(1), 53–61.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg- 4- 53- 2007.
Brown, J. M., LaBarre, B. A., & Hewson, I. (2013). Characterization of Trichodesmium-associated
viral communities in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 84, 603–613.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1574- 6941.12088.
Cai, X., Gao, K., Fu, F., Campbell, D. A., Beardall, J., et al. (2015). Electron transport kinetics
in the diazotrophic cyanobacterium Trichodesmium spp. grown across a range of light levels.
Photosynthesis Research, 124, 45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120- 015- 0081- 5.
Capone, D. G. (1988). Benthic nitrogen fixation. In T. H. Blackburn & J. Sorensen (Eds.), Nitrogen
cycling in coastal marine environments (pp. 85–123). New York: Wiley.
Capone, D. G., Ferrier, M. D., & Carpenter, E. J. (1994). Amino acid cycling in colonies of the
planktonic marine cyanobacterium Trichodesmium thiebautii. Applied and Environmental
Microbiology, 60, 3989–3995.
Carpenter, E. J. (1972). Nitrogen fixation by a blue-green epiphyte on pelagic Sargassum. Science,
178, 1207–1209.
Carpenter, E. J., & Capone, D. G. (1992). Nitrogen fixation in Trichodesmium blooms. In E. J.
Carpenter, D. G. Capone, & J. G. Rueter (Eds.), Marine pelagic cyanobacteria: Trichodesmium
and other diazotrophs (pp. 211–218). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Carpenter, E. J., & Price, C. C. (1976). Marine Oscillatoria (Trichodesmium): Explanation for
aerobic nitrogen fixation without heterocysts. Science, 191, 1278–1280.
Carpenter, E. J., Van Raalte, C. D., & Valiela, I. (1978). Nitrogen fixation by algae in a Massachusetts
salt marsh. Limnology and Oceanography, 23, 318–327.
Carpenter, E., Oneil, J., Dawson, R., Capone, D., Siddiqui, P., et al. (1993). The tropical diazotrophic phytoplankter Trichodesmium-biological characteristics of 2 common species. Marine
Ecology Progress Series, 95(3), 295–304.
Carpenter, E. J., Subramaniam, A., & Capone, D. G. (2004). Biomass and primary productivity of
the cyanobacterium, Trichodesmium spp., in the southwestern tropical N Atlantic Ocean. DeepSea Research Part I, 51, 173–203.
Church, M., Ducklow, H., & Karl, D. (2002). Multiyear increases in dissolved organic matter inventories at station ALOHA in the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Limnology and Oceanography,
47(1), 1–10.
Church, M., Short, C., Jenkins, B., Karl, D., & Zehr, J. (2005a). Temporal patterns of nitrogenase
gene (nifH) expression in the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean. Applied and Environmental
Microbiology, 71, 5362.
Church, M. J., Jenkins, B. D., Karl, D. M., & Zehr, J. P. (2005b). Vertical distributions of nitrogenfixing phylotypes at Stn ALOHA in the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean. Aquatic Microbial
Ecology, 38, 3–14.
Church, M. J., Bjorkman, K. M., Karl, D. M., Saito, M. A., & Zehr, J. P. (2008). Regional distributions of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the Pacific Ocean. Limnology and Oceanography, 53(1),
63–77.
6 Factors Controlling N 2 Fixation