by stereospecifically binding all-trans-retinyl
esters. Biochemistry 42:11824–11830
13. Xue L, Gollapalli DR, Maiti P, Jahng WJ,
Rando RR (2004) A palmitoylation switch
mechanism in the regulation of the visual
cycle. Cell 117:761–771
14. Hansen S, Maret W (1988) Retinal is not
formed in vitro by enzymatic central cleavage
of beta-carotene. Biochemistry 27:200–206
15. Li B, Vachali PP, Gorusupudi A, Shen Z,
Sharifzadeh H, Besch BM, Nelson K, Horvath
MM, Frederick JM, Baehr W, Bernstein PS
(2014) Inactivity of human beta, betacarotene-9
0 ,10
0 -dioxygenase (BCO2) underlies
retinal accumulation of the human macular
carotenoid pigment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S
A 111:10173–10178
16. Babino D, Palczewski G, Widjaja-Adhi MA,
Kiser PD, Golczak M, von Lintig J (2015)
Characterization of the role of beta-carotene
9,10-Dioxygenase in macular pigment metabolism. J Biol Chem 290:24844–24857
17. Palczewski G, Amengual J, Hoppel CL, von
Lintig J (2014) Evidence for compartmentalization of mammalian carotenoid metabolism.
FASEB J 28:4457–4469
88
Linda Dora Thomas et al.