for carotenoid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Mol
Plant 11:149–162
18. Stauder R, Welsch R, Camagna M et al (2018)
Strigolactone levels in dicot roots are determined by an ancestral Symbiosis- regulated
clade of the PHYTOENE SYNTHASE gene
family. Front Plant Sci 9:255
19. Walter MH, Stauder R, Tissier A (2014) Evolution of root-specific carotenoid precursor
pathways for apocarotenoid signal biogenesis.
Plant Sci 233:1–10
20. Gallagher CE, Matthews PD, Li F, Wurtzel ET
(2004) Gene duplication in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway preceded evolution of the
grasses. Plant Physiol 135(3):1776–1783
21. Li F, Vallabhaneni R, Rocheford TR et al
(2008) The maize phytoene synthase gene
family: overlapping roles for carotenogenesis
in endosperm, photomorphogenesis, and thermal
stress
tolerance.
Plant
Physiol
147:1334–1346
22. Beyer P, Al-Babili S, Ye X et al (2002) Golden
Rice: introducing the beta-carotene biosynthesis pathway into rice endosperm by genetic
engineering to defeat vitamin A deficiency. J
Nutr 132:506S–510S
23. Paine JA, Shipton CA, Chaggar S et al (2005)
Improving the nutritional value of Golden Rice
through increased pro-vitamin A content. Nat
Biotechnol 23:482–487
24. Mlalazi B, Welsch R, Namanya P et al (2012)
Isolation and functional characterisation of
banana phytoene synthase genes as potential
cisgenes. Planta 236:1585–1598
25. Welsch R, Arango J, Bar C et al (2010) Provitamin A accumulation in cassava (Manihot
esculenta) roots driven by a single nucleotide
polymorphism in a phytoene synthase gene.
Plant Cell 22:3348–3356
26. Fu Z, Yan J, Zheng Y et al (2010) Nucleotide
diversity and molecular evolution of the PSY1
gene in Zea mays compared to some other
grass species. Theor Appl Genet 120:709–720
27. Camagna M, Grundmann A, B€ ar C et al (2019)
Enzyme fusion removes competition for geranylgeranyl diphosphate in carotenogenesis.
Plant Physiol 179(3):1013–1027
28. Emanuelsson O, Nielsen H, von Heijne G
(1999) ChloroP, a neural network-based
method for predicting chloroplast transit peptides and their cleavage sites. Protein Sci
8:978–984
29. Kloer DP, Welsch R, Beyer P, Schulz GE
(2006) Structure and reaction geometry of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase from Sinapis
alba. Biochemistry 45:15197–15204
30. Bozzuto G, Molinari A (2015) Liposomes as
nanomedical devices. Int J Nanomedicine
10:975–999
52
Maurizio Camagna and Ralf Welsch
Plant 11:149–162
18. Stauder R, Welsch R, Camagna M et al (2018)
Strigolactone levels in dicot roots are determined by an ancestral Symbiosis- regulated
clade of the PHYTOENE SYNTHASE gene
family. Front Plant Sci 9:255
19. Walter MH, Stauder R, Tissier A (2014) Evolution of root-specific carotenoid precursor
pathways for apocarotenoid signal biogenesis.
Plant Sci 233:1–10
20. Gallagher CE, Matthews PD, Li F, Wurtzel ET
(2004) Gene duplication in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway preceded evolution of the
grasses. Plant Physiol 135(3):1776–1783
21. Li F, Vallabhaneni R, Rocheford TR et al
(2008) The maize phytoene synthase gene
family: overlapping roles for carotenogenesis
in endosperm, photomorphogenesis, and thermal
stress
tolerance.
Plant
Physiol
147:1334–1346
22. Beyer P, Al-Babili S, Ye X et al (2002) Golden
Rice: introducing the beta-carotene biosynthesis pathway into rice endosperm by genetic
engineering to defeat vitamin A deficiency. J
Nutr 132:506S–510S
23. Paine JA, Shipton CA, Chaggar S et al (2005)
Improving the nutritional value of Golden Rice
through increased pro-vitamin A content. Nat
Biotechnol 23:482–487
24. Mlalazi B, Welsch R, Namanya P et al (2012)
Isolation and functional characterisation of
banana phytoene synthase genes as potential
cisgenes. Planta 236:1585–1598
25. Welsch R, Arango J, Bar C et al (2010) Provitamin A accumulation in cassava (Manihot
esculenta) roots driven by a single nucleotide
polymorphism in a phytoene synthase gene.
Plant Cell 22:3348–3356
26. Fu Z, Yan J, Zheng Y et al (2010) Nucleotide
diversity and molecular evolution of the PSY1
gene in Zea mays compared to some other
grass species. Theor Appl Genet 120:709–720
27. Camagna M, Grundmann A, B€ ar C et al (2019)
Enzyme fusion removes competition for geranylgeranyl diphosphate in carotenogenesis.
Plant Physiol 179(3):1013–1027
28. Emanuelsson O, Nielsen H, von Heijne G
(1999) ChloroP, a neural network-based
method for predicting chloroplast transit peptides and their cleavage sites. Protein Sci
8:978–984
29. Kloer DP, Welsch R, Beyer P, Schulz GE
(2006) Structure and reaction geometry of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase from Sinapis
alba. Biochemistry 45:15197–15204
30. Bozzuto G, Molinari A (2015) Liposomes as
nanomedical devices. Int J Nanomedicine
10:975–999
52
Maurizio Camagna and Ralf Welsch