enzymes for saffron crocin biosynthesis are
localized in multiple cellular compartments.
Plant Physiol 177(3):990–1006
112. Cazzonelli CI, Pogson BJ (2010) Source to
sink: regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in
plants. Trends Plant Sci 15(5):266–274
113. Egea I, Barsan C, Bian W, Purgatto E,
Latche ´ A, Chervin C, Bouzayen M, Pech J-C
(2010) Chromoplast differentiation: current
status and perspectives. Plant Cell Physiol 51
(10):1601–1611
114. Li L, Yuan H (2013) Chromoplast biogenesis
and carotenoid accumulation. Arch Biochem
Biophys 539(2):102–109
115. Schweiggert RM, Carle R (2015) Carotenoid
deposition in plant and animal foods and its
impact on bioavailability. Crit Rev Food Sci
Nutr 57(9):1807–1830
116. Lado J, Zacarı ´as L, Gurrea A, Page A, Stead A,
Rodrigo MJ (2015) Exploring the diversity in
Citrus fruit colouration to decipher the relationship between plastid ultrastructure and
carotenoid
composition.
Planta
242
(3):645–661
117. Hempel J, Amrehn E, Quesada S, Esquivel P,
Jimenez VM, Heller A, Carle R, Schweiggert
RM (2014) Lipid-dissolved gamma-carotene,
beta-carotene, and lycopene in globular chromoplasts of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes
Kunth) fruits. Planta 240(5):1037–1050
118. Yuan H, Zhang J, Nageswaran D, Li L (2015)
Carotenoid metabolism and regulation in
horticultural crops. Hortic Res 2:15036
119. Beisel KG, Jahnke S, Hofmann D,
Ko ¨ppchen S, Schurr U, Matsubara S (2010)
Continuous turnover of carotenes and chlorophyll a in mature leaves of Arabidopsis
revealed by 14CO2 pulse-chase labeling.
Plant Physiol 152(4):2188–2199
120. Egea I, Bian W, Barsan C, Jauneau A, Pech
J-C, Latche ´ A, Li Z, Chervin C (2011) Chloroplast to chromoplast transition in tomato
fruit: spectral confocal microscopy analyses
of carotenoids and chlorophylls in isolated
plastids and time-lapse recording on intact
live tissue. Ann Bot 108(2):291–297
121. Li L, Paolillo DJ, Parthasarathy MV, DiMuzio
EM, Garvin DF (2001) A novel gene mutation that confers abnormal patterns of
β-carotene accumulation in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis). Plant J 26
(1):59–67
122. Lu S, Van Eck J, Zhou X, Lopez AB, O’Halloran DM, Cosman KM, Conlin BJ, Paolillo
DJ, Garvin DF, Vrebalov J, Kochian LV,
Ku ¨pper H, Earle ED, Cao J, Li L (2006)
The cauliflower or gene encodes a DnaJ
cysteine-rich domain-containing protein that
mediates high levels of β-carotene accumulation. Plant Cell 18(12):3594–3605
123. Tzuri G, Zhou X, Chayut N, Yuan H,
Portnoy V, Meir A, Sa’ar U, Baumkoler F,
Mazourek M, Lewinsohn E, Fei Z, Schaffer
AA, Li L, Burger J, Katzir N, Tadmor Y
(2015) A ‘golden’SNP in CmOr governs the
fruit flesh color of melon (Cucumis melo).
Plant J 82(2):267–279
124. Lopez AB, Van Eck J, Conlin BJ, Paolillo DJ,
O’Neill J, Li L (2008) Effect of the cauliflower or transgene on carotenoid accumulation and chromoplast formation in transgenic
potato tubers. J Exp Bot 59(2):213–223
125. Yuan H, Owsiany K, Sheeja TE, Zhou X,
Rodriguez C, Li Y, Welsch R, Chayut N,
Yang Y, Thannhauser TW, Parthasarathy
MV, Xu Q, Deng X, Fei Z, Ari Schaffer NK,
Burger J, Tadmor Y, Li L (2015) A single
amino acid substitution in an ORANGE protein promotes carotenoid overaccumulation
in
Arabidopsis.
Plant
Physiol
169
(1):421–431
126. Yazdani M, Sun Z, Yuan H, Zeng S, Thannhauser TW, Vrebalov J, Ma Q, Xu Y, Fei Z,
Van Eck J, Tian S, Tadmor Y, Giovannoni JJ,
Li L (2019) Ectopic expression of ORANGE
promotes carotenoid accumulation and fruit
development in tomato. Plant Biotechnol J
17(1):33–49
127. Paolillo DJ, Garvin DF, Parthasarathy MV
(2004) The chromoplasts of or mutants of
cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis).
Protoplasma 224(3):245–253
128. Neta-Sharir I, Isaacson T, Lurie S, Weiss D
(2005) Dual role for tomato heat shock protein 21: protecting photosystem II from oxidative stress and promoting color changes
during fruit maturation. Plant Cell 17
(6):1829–1838
129. Kahlau S, Bock R (2008) Plastid transcriptomics and translatomics of tomato fruit
development and chloroplast-to-chromoplast
differentiation: chromoplast gene expression
largely serves the production of a single protein. Plant Cell 20(4):856–874
130. Newman LA, Hadjeb N, Price CA (1989)
Synthesis of two chromoplast-specific proteins during fruit development in Capsicum
annuum. Plant Physiol 91(2):455–458
131. Pozueta-Romero J, Rafia F, Houlne G,
Cheniclet C, Carde J-P, Schantz M-L,
Schantz R (1997) A ubiquitous plant
housekeeping gene, PAP, encodes a major
protein component of bell pepper chromoplasts. Plant Physiol 115(3):1185–1194
22
Tianhu Sun et al.
localized in multiple cellular compartments.
Plant Physiol 177(3):990–1006
112. Cazzonelli CI, Pogson BJ (2010) Source to
sink: regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in
plants. Trends Plant Sci 15(5):266–274
113. Egea I, Barsan C, Bian W, Purgatto E,
Latche ´ A, Chervin C, Bouzayen M, Pech J-C
(2010) Chromoplast differentiation: current
status and perspectives. Plant Cell Physiol 51
(10):1601–1611
114. Li L, Yuan H (2013) Chromoplast biogenesis
and carotenoid accumulation. Arch Biochem
Biophys 539(2):102–109
115. Schweiggert RM, Carle R (2015) Carotenoid
deposition in plant and animal foods and its
impact on bioavailability. Crit Rev Food Sci
Nutr 57(9):1807–1830
116. Lado J, Zacarı ´as L, Gurrea A, Page A, Stead A,
Rodrigo MJ (2015) Exploring the diversity in
Citrus fruit colouration to decipher the relationship between plastid ultrastructure and
carotenoid
composition.
Planta
242
(3):645–661
117. Hempel J, Amrehn E, Quesada S, Esquivel P,
Jimenez VM, Heller A, Carle R, Schweiggert
RM (2014) Lipid-dissolved gamma-carotene,
beta-carotene, and lycopene in globular chromoplasts of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes
Kunth) fruits. Planta 240(5):1037–1050
118. Yuan H, Zhang J, Nageswaran D, Li L (2015)
Carotenoid metabolism and regulation in
horticultural crops. Hortic Res 2:15036
119. Beisel KG, Jahnke S, Hofmann D,
Ko ¨ppchen S, Schurr U, Matsubara S (2010)
Continuous turnover of carotenes and chlorophyll a in mature leaves of Arabidopsis
revealed by 14CO2 pulse-chase labeling.
Plant Physiol 152(4):2188–2199
120. Egea I, Bian W, Barsan C, Jauneau A, Pech
J-C, Latche ´ A, Li Z, Chervin C (2011) Chloroplast to chromoplast transition in tomato
fruit: spectral confocal microscopy analyses
of carotenoids and chlorophylls in isolated
plastids and time-lapse recording on intact
live tissue. Ann Bot 108(2):291–297
121. Li L, Paolillo DJ, Parthasarathy MV, DiMuzio
EM, Garvin DF (2001) A novel gene mutation that confers abnormal patterns of
β-carotene accumulation in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis). Plant J 26
(1):59–67
122. Lu S, Van Eck J, Zhou X, Lopez AB, O’Halloran DM, Cosman KM, Conlin BJ, Paolillo
DJ, Garvin DF, Vrebalov J, Kochian LV,
Ku ¨pper H, Earle ED, Cao J, Li L (2006)
The cauliflower or gene encodes a DnaJ
cysteine-rich domain-containing protein that
mediates high levels of β-carotene accumulation. Plant Cell 18(12):3594–3605
123. Tzuri G, Zhou X, Chayut N, Yuan H,
Portnoy V, Meir A, Sa’ar U, Baumkoler F,
Mazourek M, Lewinsohn E, Fei Z, Schaffer
AA, Li L, Burger J, Katzir N, Tadmor Y
(2015) A ‘golden’SNP in CmOr governs the
fruit flesh color of melon (Cucumis melo).
Plant J 82(2):267–279
124. Lopez AB, Van Eck J, Conlin BJ, Paolillo DJ,
O’Neill J, Li L (2008) Effect of the cauliflower or transgene on carotenoid accumulation and chromoplast formation in transgenic
potato tubers. J Exp Bot 59(2):213–223
125. Yuan H, Owsiany K, Sheeja TE, Zhou X,
Rodriguez C, Li Y, Welsch R, Chayut N,
Yang Y, Thannhauser TW, Parthasarathy
MV, Xu Q, Deng X, Fei Z, Ari Schaffer NK,
Burger J, Tadmor Y, Li L (2015) A single
amino acid substitution in an ORANGE protein promotes carotenoid overaccumulation
in
Arabidopsis.
Plant
Physiol
169
(1):421–431
126. Yazdani M, Sun Z, Yuan H, Zeng S, Thannhauser TW, Vrebalov J, Ma Q, Xu Y, Fei Z,
Van Eck J, Tian S, Tadmor Y, Giovannoni JJ,
Li L (2019) Ectopic expression of ORANGE
promotes carotenoid accumulation and fruit
development in tomato. Plant Biotechnol J
17(1):33–49
127. Paolillo DJ, Garvin DF, Parthasarathy MV
(2004) The chromoplasts of or mutants of
cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis).
Protoplasma 224(3):245–253
128. Neta-Sharir I, Isaacson T, Lurie S, Weiss D
(2005) Dual role for tomato heat shock protein 21: protecting photosystem II from oxidative stress and promoting color changes
during fruit maturation. Plant Cell 17
(6):1829–1838
129. Kahlau S, Bock R (2008) Plastid transcriptomics and translatomics of tomato fruit
development and chloroplast-to-chromoplast
differentiation: chromoplast gene expression
largely serves the production of a single protein. Plant Cell 20(4):856–874
130. Newman LA, Hadjeb N, Price CA (1989)
Synthesis of two chromoplast-specific proteins during fruit development in Capsicum
annuum. Plant Physiol 91(2):455–458
131. Pozueta-Romero J, Rafia F, Houlne G,
Cheniclet C, Carde J-P, Schantz M-L,
Schantz R (1997) A ubiquitous plant
housekeeping gene, PAP, encodes a major
protein component of bell pepper chromoplasts. Plant Physiol 115(3):1185–1194
22
Tianhu Sun et al.