Acknowledgments
The authors thank Prof. M. Baranska for valuable comments on the
manuscript and Mr. W. Wesolowski for consultations on chromoplast preparation. The protocol is partially the result of the research
project supported by the National Science Centre in Poland
(UMO-2013/09/B/NZ9/02379).
References
1. Egea I, Barsan C, Bian W, Purgatto E,
Latche A, Chervin C, Bouzayen M, Pech J
(2010) Chromoplast differentiation: current
status and perspectives. Plant Cell Physiol 51
(10):1601–1611
2. Schaub P, Rodriguez-Franco M, Cazzonelli
CI, Alvarez D, Wust F, Welsch R (2018) Establishment of an Arabidopsis callus system to
study the interrelations of biosynthesis, degradation and accumulation of carotenoids. PLoS
One 13(2):e0192158
3. Sun T, Yuan H, Cao H, Yazdani M, Tadmor Y,
Li L (2018) Carotenoid metabolism in plants:
the role of plastids. Mol Plant 11(1):58–74
4. Schweiggert R, Carle R (2017) Carotenoid
deposition in plant and animal foods and its
impact on bioavailability. Crit Rev Food Sci
Nutr 57(9):1807–1830
5. Pyke K (2007) Plastid biogenesis and differentiation. In: Bock R (ed) Cell and molecular
biology of plastids, vol 19. Springer-Verlag,
Berlin, pp 1–28
6. Kim JE, Rensing KH, Douglas CJ, Cheng KM
(2010) Chromoplasts ultrastructure and estimated carotene content in root secondary
phloem of different carrot varieties. Planta
231:549–558
7. van Wijk K, Kessler F (2017) Plastoglobuli:
plastid microcompartments with integrated
functions in metabolism, plastid developmental
transitions, and environmental adaptation.
Annu Rev Plant Biol 68:253–289
8. Ozaki Y, Cho R, Ikegaya K, Muraishi S,
Kawauchi K (1992) Potential of near-infrared
Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy in food
analysis. Appl Spectrosc 46(10):1503–1507
9. Schulz H, Baranska M, Baranski R (2005)
Potential of NIR-FT-Raman spectroscopy in
natural carotenoid analysis. Biopolymers
77:212–221
10. Baranska M, Baranski R, Schulz H, Nothnagel
T (2006) Tissue-specific accumulation of carotenoids in carrot roots. Planta 224
(5):1028–1037
11. Roman M, Marzec K, Grzebelus E, Simon P,
Baranska M, Baranski R (2015) Composition
and (in)homogeneity of carotenoid crystals in
carrot cells revealed by high resolution Raman
imaging. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol
Spectrosc 136:1395–1400
12. Rygula A, Oleszkiewicz T, Grzebelus E, Pacia
MZ, Baranska M, Baranski R (2018) Raman,
AFM and SNOM high resolution imaging of
carotene crystals in a model carrot cell system.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc
197:47–55
13. Grzebelus E, Szklarczyk M, Baranski R (2012)
An improved protocol for plant regeneration
from carrot leaf- and hypocotyl-derived protoplasts. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult
109:101–109
14. Wang Y-Q, Yang Y, Fei Z, Yuan H, Fish T,
Thannhauser TW, Mazourek M, Kochian LV,
Wang X, Li L (2013) Proteomic analysis of
chromoplasts from six crop species reveals
insights into chromoplast function and development. J Exp Bot 64:949–961
15. Baranski R, Baranska M, Schulz H (2005)
Changes in carotenoid content and distribution in living plant tissue can be observed and
mapped in situ using NIR-FT-Raman spectroscopy. Planta 222:448–457
260
Tomasz Oleszkiewicz et al.
The authors thank Prof. M. Baranska for valuable comments on the
manuscript and Mr. W. Wesolowski for consultations on chromoplast preparation. The protocol is partially the result of the research
project supported by the National Science Centre in Poland
(UMO-2013/09/B/NZ9/02379).
References
1. Egea I, Barsan C, Bian W, Purgatto E,
Latche A, Chervin C, Bouzayen M, Pech J
(2010) Chromoplast differentiation: current
status and perspectives. Plant Cell Physiol 51
(10):1601–1611
2. Schaub P, Rodriguez-Franco M, Cazzonelli
CI, Alvarez D, Wust F, Welsch R (2018) Establishment of an Arabidopsis callus system to
study the interrelations of biosynthesis, degradation and accumulation of carotenoids. PLoS
One 13(2):e0192158
3. Sun T, Yuan H, Cao H, Yazdani M, Tadmor Y,
Li L (2018) Carotenoid metabolism in plants:
the role of plastids. Mol Plant 11(1):58–74
4. Schweiggert R, Carle R (2017) Carotenoid
deposition in plant and animal foods and its
impact on bioavailability. Crit Rev Food Sci
Nutr 57(9):1807–1830
5. Pyke K (2007) Plastid biogenesis and differentiation. In: Bock R (ed) Cell and molecular
biology of plastids, vol 19. Springer-Verlag,
Berlin, pp 1–28
6. Kim JE, Rensing KH, Douglas CJ, Cheng KM
(2010) Chromoplasts ultrastructure and estimated carotene content in root secondary
phloem of different carrot varieties. Planta
231:549–558
7. van Wijk K, Kessler F (2017) Plastoglobuli:
plastid microcompartments with integrated
functions in metabolism, plastid developmental
transitions, and environmental adaptation.
Annu Rev Plant Biol 68:253–289
8. Ozaki Y, Cho R, Ikegaya K, Muraishi S,
Kawauchi K (1992) Potential of near-infrared
Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy in food
analysis. Appl Spectrosc 46(10):1503–1507
9. Schulz H, Baranska M, Baranski R (2005)
Potential of NIR-FT-Raman spectroscopy in
natural carotenoid analysis. Biopolymers
77:212–221
10. Baranska M, Baranski R, Schulz H, Nothnagel
T (2006) Tissue-specific accumulation of carotenoids in carrot roots. Planta 224
(5):1028–1037
11. Roman M, Marzec K, Grzebelus E, Simon P,
Baranska M, Baranski R (2015) Composition
and (in)homogeneity of carotenoid crystals in
carrot cells revealed by high resolution Raman
imaging. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol
Spectrosc 136:1395–1400
12. Rygula A, Oleszkiewicz T, Grzebelus E, Pacia
MZ, Baranska M, Baranski R (2018) Raman,
AFM and SNOM high resolution imaging of
carotene crystals in a model carrot cell system.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc
197:47–55
13. Grzebelus E, Szklarczyk M, Baranski R (2012)
An improved protocol for plant regeneration
from carrot leaf- and hypocotyl-derived protoplasts. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult
109:101–109
14. Wang Y-Q, Yang Y, Fei Z, Yuan H, Fish T,
Thannhauser TW, Mazourek M, Kochian LV,
Wang X, Li L (2013) Proteomic analysis of
chromoplasts from six crop species reveals
insights into chromoplast function and development. J Exp Bot 64:949–961
15. Baranski R, Baranska M, Schulz H (2005)
Changes in carotenoid content and distribution in living plant tissue can be observed and
mapped in situ using NIR-FT-Raman spectroscopy. Planta 222:448–457
260
Tomasz Oleszkiewicz et al.