Table 3
UV absorption coefficients of some identified carotenoids
Carotenoid
λ (nm)
∗ε mol
A
1%
1cm
MW
(g/mol)
Solvent
Chemical
formula
Violaxanthin (Vio)
419, 440 133,400 2550
600.884
E
C 40 H 56 O 4
Zeaxanthin
428, 450 133,400 2480
568.886
E
C 40 H 56 O 2
Neoxanthin (Neo)
418, 442 117,000 2380
600.884
E
C 40 H 56 O 4
Lutein (Lut)
422, 445 127,000 2550
568.886
E
C 40 H 56 O 2
β-Carotene (βc)
450, 476 140,400 2620
536.888
E
C 40 H 56
Antheraxanthin (Ant)
444,472 137,200 2350
584.885
E
C 40 H 56 O 3
Tetra-cis-(pro)lycopene
(P-Lyc)
414, 436 102,900 1920
536.888
H
C 40 H 56
All-trans-neurosporene (Neu) 415, 440 157,000 2920
538.904
H, P
C 40 H 58
All-trans-lycopene (Lyc)
444, 470 184,900 3450
536.888
P
C 40 H 56
Phytoene (Phy)
276, 286 68,000 915
542.936
H, P
C 40 H 64
All-trans-ζ-carotene (ζc)
378, 400 138,000 2555
540.92
H
C 40 H 60
All-trans-phytofluene (Phf)
331, 347 73,200 1580
542.936
H, P
C 40 H 62
ε mol molar extinction coefficient (ε mol ¼ (A 1% x molecular mass)/10), A
1% 1cm UV-vis absorbance of 1 cm layer of the
specific solution, MW molecular weight
y = 5117x - 47.062
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
1
2
3
4
5
Peak Area (mAU)
Amount (µg)
β-carotene
R² = 0.9999
Fig. 4 Establishing a standard calibration curve for individual carotenoids. The
calibration curve analysis for the β-carotene standards where the slope is “m”,
and the y-intercept is “n” on a given slope formula (y ¼ mx + n). R
2 value
represents the accuracy in preparation of dilution series of a standard
158
Yagiz Alagoz et al.
UV absorption coefficients of some identified carotenoids
Carotenoid
λ (nm)
∗ε mol
A
1%
1cm
MW
(g/mol)
Solvent
Chemical
formula
Violaxanthin (Vio)
419, 440 133,400 2550
600.884
E
C 40 H 56 O 4
Zeaxanthin
428, 450 133,400 2480
568.886
E
C 40 H 56 O 2
Neoxanthin (Neo)
418, 442 117,000 2380
600.884
E
C 40 H 56 O 4
Lutein (Lut)
422, 445 127,000 2550
568.886
E
C 40 H 56 O 2
β-Carotene (βc)
450, 476 140,400 2620
536.888
E
C 40 H 56
Antheraxanthin (Ant)
444,472 137,200 2350
584.885
E
C 40 H 56 O 3
Tetra-cis-(pro)lycopene
(P-Lyc)
414, 436 102,900 1920
536.888
H
C 40 H 56
All-trans-neurosporene (Neu) 415, 440 157,000 2920
538.904
H, P
C 40 H 58
All-trans-lycopene (Lyc)
444, 470 184,900 3450
536.888
P
C 40 H 56
Phytoene (Phy)
276, 286 68,000 915
542.936
H, P
C 40 H 64
All-trans-ζ-carotene (ζc)
378, 400 138,000 2555
540.92
H
C 40 H 60
All-trans-phytofluene (Phf)
331, 347 73,200 1580
542.936
H, P
C 40 H 62
ε mol molar extinction coefficient (ε mol ¼ (A 1% x molecular mass)/10), A
1% 1cm UV-vis absorbance of 1 cm layer of the
specific solution, MW molecular weight
y = 5117x - 47.062
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
1
2
3
4
5
Peak Area (mAU)
Amount (µg)
β-carotene
R² = 0.9999
Fig. 4 Establishing a standard calibration curve for individual carotenoids. The
calibration curve analysis for the β-carotene standards where the slope is “m”,
and the y-intercept is “n” on a given slope formula (y ¼ mx + n). R
2 value
represents the accuracy in preparation of dilution series of a standard
158
Yagiz Alagoz et al.