Applications of Microbe-Based Nanoparticles …
355
Effect of Biomass
Amount of biomass influences the production and properties of microbial-mediated
nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles with spherical-shaped, size range of 85.1–210 nm
were synthesized from 5 g of biomass in A. fumigatus (Bathrinarayanan et al. 2013).
Live biomass (5 g) of Spirulina platensis produced 11.6 nm size AgNPs (Mahdieh
et al. 2012), while intracellular 5–35 nm-sized AuNPs were obtained from the alga
Tetraselmis kochinensis using 10 g of biomass (Senapati et al. 2012). Zhang et al.
(2014) reported the formation of spherical-shaped AgNPs with size of ~6 nm using
10 g of dry biomass of Lactobacillus fermentum. Seshadri et al. (2011) synthesized
spherical-shaped PbSNPs from active biomass of Rhodosporidium diobovatum, with
size range of 2–5 nm. Stable, monodisperse 10 nm size AuNPs were produced by
Marinobacter pelagius (Sharma et al. 2012).
Overall, these evidences suggest that various synthesis parameters can lead to
the synthesis of nanoparticles having different properties. However, the influence of
various factors still remains understudied, thus warranting further research studies for
tailor-made microbial-mediated nanoparticle synthesis, particularly through robust
optimization techniques such as Taguchi approach, response surface methodology
and artificial intelligence techniques.
2.2 Nanoparticle Synthesis Using Bacteria
In the midst of diverse population of microorganisms, bacteria have a notable competence to reduce heavy metal ions and therefore are considered as the promising candidates for microbial-based nanoparticle synthesis. Advantages of bacteria-mediated
nanoparticle research include their availability, high growth rates, easy manipulation
and their ability to adapt to wide ranges of environmental and culture conditions.
Various researchers round the globe have harnessed various growth parameters to
produce tailor-made nanoparticles, which could be exploited for various applications
(Table 3).
Kumar et al. (2014) synthesized 11.3 nm spherical-shaped AuNPs from Delftia
sp. strain KCM-006. Honary et al. (2012) studied the synthesis of spherical-shaped,
11.8–130 nm size AuNPs using E. coli. Similarly, Du et al. (2007) synthesized 20–
30 nm dimension, hexagonal-, triangle-shaped AuNPs using E. coli. Exopolysaccharide from Bacillus megaterium MSBN04 was used in the synthesis of 5–20 nm
size and spherical-shaped AuNPs by Sathiyanarayanan et al. (2014). Baker et al.
(2016) synthesized AuNPs using R capsulata and obtained 10–20 nm size, sphericalshaped nanoparticles. Similarly, He et al. (2007) reported 10–20 nm dimensions,
irregular-shaped AuNPs by R capsulata. Alkali-tolerant Rhodococcus was used to
synthesize 5–15 nm in size AuNPs (Ahmad et al. 2003a). Otari et al. (2017) synthesized spherical-shaped AuNPs with 25 nm size in Lactococcus lactis. In another
study, spherical- and nanotriangle-shaped, 2–6 nm AuNPs were produced from
Marinobactor pelagius (Sharma et al. 2012).
355
Effect of Biomass
Amount of biomass influences the production and properties of microbial-mediated
nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles with spherical-shaped, size range of 85.1–210 nm
were synthesized from 5 g of biomass in A. fumigatus (Bathrinarayanan et al. 2013).
Live biomass (5 g) of Spirulina platensis produced 11.6 nm size AgNPs (Mahdieh
et al. 2012), while intracellular 5–35 nm-sized AuNPs were obtained from the alga
Tetraselmis kochinensis using 10 g of biomass (Senapati et al. 2012). Zhang et al.
(2014) reported the formation of spherical-shaped AgNPs with size of ~6 nm using
10 g of dry biomass of Lactobacillus fermentum. Seshadri et al. (2011) synthesized
spherical-shaped PbSNPs from active biomass of Rhodosporidium diobovatum, with
size range of 2–5 nm. Stable, monodisperse 10 nm size AuNPs were produced by
Marinobacter pelagius (Sharma et al. 2012).
Overall, these evidences suggest that various synthesis parameters can lead to
the synthesis of nanoparticles having different properties. However, the influence of
various factors still remains understudied, thus warranting further research studies for
tailor-made microbial-mediated nanoparticle synthesis, particularly through robust
optimization techniques such as Taguchi approach, response surface methodology
and artificial intelligence techniques.
2.2 Nanoparticle Synthesis Using Bacteria
In the midst of diverse population of microorganisms, bacteria have a notable competence to reduce heavy metal ions and therefore are considered as the promising candidates for microbial-based nanoparticle synthesis. Advantages of bacteria-mediated
nanoparticle research include their availability, high growth rates, easy manipulation
and their ability to adapt to wide ranges of environmental and culture conditions.
Various researchers round the globe have harnessed various growth parameters to
produce tailor-made nanoparticles, which could be exploited for various applications
(Table 3).
Kumar et al. (2014) synthesized 11.3 nm spherical-shaped AuNPs from Delftia
sp. strain KCM-006. Honary et al. (2012) studied the synthesis of spherical-shaped,
11.8–130 nm size AuNPs using E. coli. Similarly, Du et al. (2007) synthesized 20–
30 nm dimension, hexagonal-, triangle-shaped AuNPs using E. coli. Exopolysaccharide from Bacillus megaterium MSBN04 was used in the synthesis of 5–20 nm
size and spherical-shaped AuNPs by Sathiyanarayanan et al. (2014). Baker et al.
(2016) synthesized AuNPs using R capsulata and obtained 10–20 nm size, sphericalshaped nanoparticles. Similarly, He et al. (2007) reported 10–20 nm dimensions,
irregular-shaped AuNPs by R capsulata. Alkali-tolerant Rhodococcus was used to
synthesize 5–15 nm in size AuNPs (Ahmad et al. 2003a). Otari et al. (2017) synthesized spherical-shaped AuNPs with 25 nm size in Lactococcus lactis. In another
study, spherical- and nanotriangle-shaped, 2–6 nm AuNPs were produced from
Marinobactor pelagius (Sharma et al. 2012).