Applications of Microbe-Based Nanoparticles …
351
triangular- and hexagonal-shaped, 10–60 nm size extracellular AuNPs were synthesized at 30 °C with different reaction rate ranging from 12 to 72 h using the fungus
Penicillium brevicompactum (Mishra et al. 2011b). In yet another study by Mishra
et al. (2012) on Penicillium rugulosum, spherical-, triangular-, hexagonal-shaped,
20–80 nm size AuNPs were synthesized at 30 °C with different reaction rate ranging
from 8 to 24 h. In Epicoccum nigrum, AuNPs were synthesized both by intra and
extracellular mechanisms between the temperature ranging from 27 to 29 °C for
72 h to obtain 5–50 nm size AuNPs (Sheikhloo et al. 2011). Das et al. (2012) synthesized spherical-shaped, 16–25 nm-sized AuNPs from Rhizopus oryzae at 30 °C for
24 h. Intracellular synthesis of spherical-shaped, 15–20 nm size AuNPs at 30 °C was
reported in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sen et al. 2011).
Spherical-shaped AuNPs with ~2–50 nm at 30 for 24 h were synthesized using
Shewanella oneidensis (Suresh et al. 2011a, b). Kumar et al. (2007a, b) reported the
synthesis of CdSeNP using F. oxysporum and synthesized spherical-shaped 9–15 nm
size at room temperature. Narayanan and Sakthivel (2011) synthesized anisotrophic
nanostructures such as triangle, hexagonals, decahedral and isotrophic sphericalshaped AuNPs with 25 nm in size at 80 °C for 1 h using different concentration of
cell-free extract of Sclerotium rolfsii. Sharma et al. (2012) synthesized monodispersed
AuNPs with an average of 10 nm size from marine bacterial strain of Marinobacter
pelagius at room temperature for 24 h. In another study, agglomerated AuNPs with
100 nm size were synthesized by T. harzianum at 28 °C for 72 h (Tripathi et al.
2014). Extracellular secretion of Bacillus niabensis 45 was used to synthesize facecentered-cubic-shaped AuNPs with a size of 10–20 nm at pH 6 and temperature of
60 °C (Li et al. 2016). Pourali et al. (2017) investigated that F. oxysporum and Bacillus
cereus culture supernatants produced AuNPs which were spherical, hexagonal, and
octagonal shape with irregular contours and sizes of around 20–50 nm at 30 °C for
72 h and 37 °C for 24 h, respectively.
Using Streptomyces sp. VITDDK3, Gopal et al. (2013) synthesized hexagonal, cubical-, brick- and irregular-shaped AuNPs of 90 nm size at pH 9 under room
temperature in 48 h. Synthesis of crystalline- and spherical-shaped AuNPs with an
average size in the range of 14 nm at room temperature within 96 h was synthesized using cell-free extract of Bacillus marisflavi (Nadaf et al. Nadaf and Kanase
2019). In another study, Chlorella pyrenoidusa extract was used for synthesis of
spherical-shaped AuNPs having 25–30 nm in size at pH 8 and 100 °C (Oza et al.
2012). Spirulina platensis was used to synthesize spherical-shaped AuNPs, having an
average size of ~5 nm at room temperature for 48 h (Suganya et al. 2015). Formation
of spherical-, hexagonal- and triangle-shaped AuNPs with size ranged from 18.7
to 93.7 nm was synthesized at room temperature within ten minutes using brown
alga, Stoechospermum marginatum biomass (Rajathi et al. 2012). Dhas et al. (2012)
synthesized well-defined, polydispersed (triangular and spherical) and crystalline
AuNPs from Sargassum myriocystum with an average size of 15 nm within 15 min
at 76 °C. The various investigations have shown the impact of operating temperature
on the biofabrication of nanoparticles by microorganisms.
351
triangular- and hexagonal-shaped, 10–60 nm size extracellular AuNPs were synthesized at 30 °C with different reaction rate ranging from 12 to 72 h using the fungus
Penicillium brevicompactum (Mishra et al. 2011b). In yet another study by Mishra
et al. (2012) on Penicillium rugulosum, spherical-, triangular-, hexagonal-shaped,
20–80 nm size AuNPs were synthesized at 30 °C with different reaction rate ranging
from 8 to 24 h. In Epicoccum nigrum, AuNPs were synthesized both by intra and
extracellular mechanisms between the temperature ranging from 27 to 29 °C for
72 h to obtain 5–50 nm size AuNPs (Sheikhloo et al. 2011). Das et al. (2012) synthesized spherical-shaped, 16–25 nm-sized AuNPs from Rhizopus oryzae at 30 °C for
24 h. Intracellular synthesis of spherical-shaped, 15–20 nm size AuNPs at 30 °C was
reported in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sen et al. 2011).
Spherical-shaped AuNPs with ~2–50 nm at 30 for 24 h were synthesized using
Shewanella oneidensis (Suresh et al. 2011a, b). Kumar et al. (2007a, b) reported the
synthesis of CdSeNP using F. oxysporum and synthesized spherical-shaped 9–15 nm
size at room temperature. Narayanan and Sakthivel (2011) synthesized anisotrophic
nanostructures such as triangle, hexagonals, decahedral and isotrophic sphericalshaped AuNPs with 25 nm in size at 80 °C for 1 h using different concentration of
cell-free extract of Sclerotium rolfsii. Sharma et al. (2012) synthesized monodispersed
AuNPs with an average of 10 nm size from marine bacterial strain of Marinobacter
pelagius at room temperature for 24 h. In another study, agglomerated AuNPs with
100 nm size were synthesized by T. harzianum at 28 °C for 72 h (Tripathi et al.
2014). Extracellular secretion of Bacillus niabensis 45 was used to synthesize facecentered-cubic-shaped AuNPs with a size of 10–20 nm at pH 6 and temperature of
60 °C (Li et al. 2016). Pourali et al. (2017) investigated that F. oxysporum and Bacillus
cereus culture supernatants produced AuNPs which were spherical, hexagonal, and
octagonal shape with irregular contours and sizes of around 20–50 nm at 30 °C for
72 h and 37 °C for 24 h, respectively.
Using Streptomyces sp. VITDDK3, Gopal et al. (2013) synthesized hexagonal, cubical-, brick- and irregular-shaped AuNPs of 90 nm size at pH 9 under room
temperature in 48 h. Synthesis of crystalline- and spherical-shaped AuNPs with an
average size in the range of 14 nm at room temperature within 96 h was synthesized using cell-free extract of Bacillus marisflavi (Nadaf et al. Nadaf and Kanase
2019). In another study, Chlorella pyrenoidusa extract was used for synthesis of
spherical-shaped AuNPs having 25–30 nm in size at pH 8 and 100 °C (Oza et al.
2012). Spirulina platensis was used to synthesize spherical-shaped AuNPs, having an
average size of ~5 nm at room temperature for 48 h (Suganya et al. 2015). Formation
of spherical-, hexagonal- and triangle-shaped AuNPs with size ranged from 18.7
to 93.7 nm was synthesized at room temperature within ten minutes using brown
alga, Stoechospermum marginatum biomass (Rajathi et al. 2012). Dhas et al. (2012)
synthesized well-defined, polydispersed (triangular and spherical) and crystalline
AuNPs from Sargassum myriocystum with an average size of 15 nm within 15 min
at 76 °C. The various investigations have shown the impact of operating temperature
on the biofabrication of nanoparticles by microorganisms.