306
S. B. Jaffri and K. S. Ahmad
adopted at commercial scale. In the similar manner, there is also an urgent need to
organize studies to better comprehend different mechanisms, e.g., cellular, biological, chemical, and molecular that involved in the facilitation of microbes mediated
synthesis.
Microbial agents are nature’s resource that can be replenished by different means
and are precursors for biogenic synthesis. Since they produce NPs and induce no toxicity to the ecological niches, therefore this synthetic mode can be referred to as green
chemistry since it is in conformity with all principles of green chemistry. Furthermore,
this synthetic mode is also strengthening the concept of sustainability and sustainable development in a direct manner by means of cleaner production and no harmful
waste generation. Microbes mediated NPs have been employed for a variety of applications including environmental detoxification, biomedical, and biosensor employments owing to their outstanding properties, antimicrobial potential, and optical
characteristics. Number of persistent organic pollutants, especially organic dyes,
have been effectively removed by microbes mediated NPs in nano-photocatalytic
assays. Furthermore, the antimicrobial roles of these NPs against number of plant
and human pathogens have also been shown by different researches. Such results for
microbes driven NPs are supportive of them to be used as an auspicious candidate
for environmental remediation of toxic contaminants and as antimicrobial agents.
With the great potential to be adopted as nano-biotechnological tools in future,
some other challenges to be solved by biotechnologists are the efforts to comprehend and outline a set of mechanistic rules operational in this type of synthesis,
which are yet missing. Furthermore, there is another limitation of these NPs in
adopting them at commercial scale due to their large scale production that needs to
be addressed. Improvement in these aspects will not only convert the research-based
results into practically beneficial work, but it will also pave the way for further better
investigations in this field.
References
Abdeen S, Geo S, Praseetha PK, Dhanya RP (2014) Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from
Actinomycetes for therapeutic applications. J Int Nano Dimen 2:155–162
Abdel-Azeem A, Nada AA, O’Donovan A, Thakur VK, Elkelish A (2020) Mycogenic silver
nanoparticles from endophytic Trichoderma atroviride with antimicrobial activity. J Renew Mat
8:171–185. https://doi.org/10.32604/jrm.2020.08960
Adebayo AE, Oke AM, Lateef A, Oyatokun AA, Abisoye OD, Adiji IP, Fagbenro DO, Amusan
TV, Badmus JA, Asafa TB, Beukes LS (2019) Biosynthesis of silver, gold and silver–gold alloy
nanoparticles using Persea americana fruit peel aqueous extract for their biomedical properties.
Nanotech Envir Eng 4:13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41204-019-0060-8
Adelere IA, Lateef A (2016) A novel approach to the green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles: the
use of agro-wastes, enzymes and pigments. Nanotechnol Rev 5(6):567–587. https://doi.org/10.
1515/ntrev-2016-0024
Ameta A, Ameta R, Ahuja M (2013) Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue over ferric
tungstate. Sci Rev Chem Commun 3:172–180
S. B. Jaffri and K. S. Ahmad
adopted at commercial scale. In the similar manner, there is also an urgent need to
organize studies to better comprehend different mechanisms, e.g., cellular, biological, chemical, and molecular that involved in the facilitation of microbes mediated
synthesis.
Microbial agents are nature’s resource that can be replenished by different means
and are precursors for biogenic synthesis. Since they produce NPs and induce no toxicity to the ecological niches, therefore this synthetic mode can be referred to as green
chemistry since it is in conformity with all principles of green chemistry. Furthermore,
this synthetic mode is also strengthening the concept of sustainability and sustainable development in a direct manner by means of cleaner production and no harmful
waste generation. Microbes mediated NPs have been employed for a variety of applications including environmental detoxification, biomedical, and biosensor employments owing to their outstanding properties, antimicrobial potential, and optical
characteristics. Number of persistent organic pollutants, especially organic dyes,
have been effectively removed by microbes mediated NPs in nano-photocatalytic
assays. Furthermore, the antimicrobial roles of these NPs against number of plant
and human pathogens have also been shown by different researches. Such results for
microbes driven NPs are supportive of them to be used as an auspicious candidate
for environmental remediation of toxic contaminants and as antimicrobial agents.
With the great potential to be adopted as nano-biotechnological tools in future,
some other challenges to be solved by biotechnologists are the efforts to comprehend and outline a set of mechanistic rules operational in this type of synthesis,
which are yet missing. Furthermore, there is another limitation of these NPs in
adopting them at commercial scale due to their large scale production that needs to
be addressed. Improvement in these aspects will not only convert the research-based
results into practically beneficial work, but it will also pave the way for further better
investigations in this field.
References
Abdeen S, Geo S, Praseetha PK, Dhanya RP (2014) Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from
Actinomycetes for therapeutic applications. J Int Nano Dimen 2:155–162
Abdel-Azeem A, Nada AA, O’Donovan A, Thakur VK, Elkelish A (2020) Mycogenic silver
nanoparticles from endophytic Trichoderma atroviride with antimicrobial activity. J Renew Mat
8:171–185. https://doi.org/10.32604/jrm.2020.08960
Adebayo AE, Oke AM, Lateef A, Oyatokun AA, Abisoye OD, Adiji IP, Fagbenro DO, Amusan
TV, Badmus JA, Asafa TB, Beukes LS (2019) Biosynthesis of silver, gold and silver–gold alloy
nanoparticles using Persea americana fruit peel aqueous extract for their biomedical properties.
Nanotech Envir Eng 4:13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41204-019-0060-8
Adelere IA, Lateef A (2016) A novel approach to the green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles: the
use of agro-wastes, enzymes and pigments. Nanotechnol Rev 5(6):567–587. https://doi.org/10.
1515/ntrev-2016-0024
Ameta A, Ameta R, Ahuja M (2013) Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue over ferric
tungstate. Sci Rev Chem Commun 3:172–180