36
Table 1 Collective summary of Mn-based electrodes along with their cell configurations and electrochemical performances for aqueous ZIBs
Cathode morphologies/preparative methods Electrolyte + additive
Potential
window
Current density (mA g
−1
)
Cyclability (mAh g
−1
)
Ref.
α-MnO 2 nanosphere/self-reacting
microemulsion
1 M ZnSO
4
1.0–1.8
6C (nC = a full discharge in 1/n
h)
100 after 100 cycles
[8]
α-MnO 2 nanorod/hydrothermal
1 M ZnSO
4
1.0–1.8
83
147 after 50 cycles
[30]
α-MnO 2 nanorod/solvent-free synthesis
1 M ZnSO
4
1.0––1.8
83
104 after 75 cycles
[3]
V-doped
α-MnO 2 /redox reaction
1 M ZnSO
4
1.0–1.8
66
131 after 100 cycles
[45]
α-MnO 2 @C nanosphere/co-precipitation
1 M ZnSO
4
1.0–1.8
66
189 after 50 cycles
[39]
α-MnO 2 nanorod/hydrothermal
1 M ZnSO
4
0.7–2.0
C/20 (1C = 210 mA g
−1
)
140 after 30 cycles
[33]
α-MnO 2 nanorod/hydrothermal
1 M ZnSO
4
0.7–2.0
C/5 (1C = 210 mA g
−1
)
130 after 30 cycles
[32]
α-MnO 2 nanorod-graphene scrolls/
hydrothermal
2 M ZnSO
4 + 0.2 M MnSO
4
1.0–1.9
3000
145 after 3000 cycles
[44]
α-MnO 2 -CNT/co-precipitation
2 M ZnSO
4 + 0.5 M MnSO
4
1.0–1.9
5000
100 after 500 cycles
[49]
N-CC@α-MnO
2 nanorod array/
electrodeposition
2 M ZnCl
2 + 0.4 M MnSO
4
1.0–1.8
1000
262 after 1000 cycles
[50]
β-MnO 2 nanorod/hydrothermal
1 M ZnSO
4
1.0–1.8
200
135 after 200 cycles
[51]
β-MnO 2 nanorod/hydrothermal
3 M Zn(CF
3 SO
3 )
2 + 0.1 M
Mn(CF
3 SO
3 )
2
0.8–1.9
6.5C (nC = a full discharge of
308 mA g
−1
in 1/n h)
135 after 2000 cycles
[38]
γ-MnO 2 mesoporous/redox reaction
1 M ZnSO
4
1.0–1.8
0.5 mA cm
−2
158 after 40 cycles
[36]
PANI-δ-MnO
2 mesoporous/inorganicorganic interface reaction
2 M ZnSO
4 + 0.1 M MnSO
4
1.0–1.8
200
280 after 200 cycles
[52]
MnO
2 / in situ electrodeposition synthesis
1 M ZnSO
4 + 1 M MnSO
4
0.8–2.2
30C (60 mA cm
−2
)
1.67 mAh cm
−2
after
1800 cycles
[53]
δ-MnO 2 / in situ electrodeposition synthesis 1 M ZnSO
4 + 0.2 M MnSO
4
1.0–1.8
9C (C = 0.344 A g
−1
)
175 after 1000 cycles
[54]
β-MnO 2 / microwave assisted hydrothermal
synthesis
3 M ZnSO
4 + 0.2 M MnSO
4
1.0–1.7
4C
133 after 1000 cycles
[55]
γ-MnO 2 nanorods-graphene composite /
hydrothermal
2 M ZnSO
4 + 0.4 M MnSO
4
0.8–1.8
20 mA cm
−2
(1 mA cm
−2
= 0.5
A g
−1
)
64.1% capacity retention
after 300 cycles
[56]
J. Kim et al.
Table 1 Collective summary of Mn-based electrodes along with their cell configurations and electrochemical performances for aqueous ZIBs
Cathode morphologies/preparative methods Electrolyte + additive
Potential
window
Current density (mA g
−1
)
Cyclability (mAh g
−1
)
Ref.
α-MnO 2 nanosphere/self-reacting
microemulsion
1 M ZnSO
4
1.0–1.8
6C (nC = a full discharge in 1/n
h)
100 after 100 cycles
[8]
α-MnO 2 nanorod/hydrothermal
1 M ZnSO
4
1.0–1.8
83
147 after 50 cycles
[30]
α-MnO 2 nanorod/solvent-free synthesis
1 M ZnSO
4
1.0––1.8
83
104 after 75 cycles
[3]
V-doped
α-MnO 2 /redox reaction
1 M ZnSO
4
1.0–1.8
66
131 after 100 cycles
[45]
α-MnO 2 @C nanosphere/co-precipitation
1 M ZnSO
4
1.0–1.8
66
189 after 50 cycles
[39]
α-MnO 2 nanorod/hydrothermal
1 M ZnSO
4
0.7–2.0
C/20 (1C = 210 mA g
−1
)
140 after 30 cycles
[33]
α-MnO 2 nanorod/hydrothermal
1 M ZnSO
4
0.7–2.0
C/5 (1C = 210 mA g
−1
)
130 after 30 cycles
[32]
α-MnO 2 nanorod-graphene scrolls/
hydrothermal
2 M ZnSO
4 + 0.2 M MnSO
4
1.0–1.9
3000
145 after 3000 cycles
[44]
α-MnO 2 -CNT/co-precipitation
2 M ZnSO
4 + 0.5 M MnSO
4
1.0–1.9
5000
100 after 500 cycles
[49]
N-CC@α-MnO
2 nanorod array/
electrodeposition
2 M ZnCl
2 + 0.4 M MnSO
4
1.0–1.8
1000
262 after 1000 cycles
[50]
β-MnO 2 nanorod/hydrothermal
1 M ZnSO
4
1.0–1.8
200
135 after 200 cycles
[51]
β-MnO 2 nanorod/hydrothermal
3 M Zn(CF
3 SO
3 )
2 + 0.1 M
Mn(CF
3 SO
3 )
2
0.8–1.9
6.5C (nC = a full discharge of
308 mA g
−1
in 1/n h)
135 after 2000 cycles
[38]
γ-MnO 2 mesoporous/redox reaction
1 M ZnSO
4
1.0–1.8
0.5 mA cm
−2
158 after 40 cycles
[36]
PANI-δ-MnO
2 mesoporous/inorganicorganic interface reaction
2 M ZnSO
4 + 0.1 M MnSO
4
1.0–1.8
200
280 after 200 cycles
[52]
MnO
2 / in situ electrodeposition synthesis
1 M ZnSO
4 + 1 M MnSO
4
0.8–2.2
30C (60 mA cm
−2
)
1.67 mAh cm
−2
after
1800 cycles
[53]
δ-MnO 2 / in situ electrodeposition synthesis 1 M ZnSO
4 + 0.2 M MnSO
4
1.0–1.8
9C (C = 0.344 A g
−1
)
175 after 1000 cycles
[54]
β-MnO 2 / microwave assisted hydrothermal
synthesis
3 M ZnSO
4 + 0.2 M MnSO
4
1.0–1.7
4C
133 after 1000 cycles
[55]
γ-MnO 2 nanorods-graphene composite /
hydrothermal
2 M ZnSO
4 + 0.4 M MnSO
4
0.8–1.8
20 mA cm
−2
(1 mA cm
−2
= 0.5
A g
−1
)
64.1% capacity retention
after 300 cycles
[56]
J. Kim et al.