Chapter 3
Metal and Carbon Quantum Dot
Photocatalysts for Water Purification
Pooja Shandilya, Pankaj Raizada, Anita Sudhaik, Adesh Saini, Reena Saini,
and Pardeep Singh
Contents
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
3.2 Classification of Carbon Quantum Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
3.3 Method of Preparation of Carbon Quantum Dot-Modified Photocatalysts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
3.3.1 Top-Down Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
3.3.2 Bottom-Up Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
3.4 Photocatalytic Activity of Carbon Quantum Dot-Based Nanocomposites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
3.5 Antibacterial Activity of Carbon Quantum Dot-Based Nanocomposites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
3.6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Abstract Carbon quantum dots are zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials having
a size of less than 10 nm with sp
2 -/sp
3 -hybridized carbon atom containing a variety
of functional groups at basal plane and periphery. Carbon quantum dots are a new
P. Shandilya · P. Raizada · P. Singh (*)
School of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh,
India
Himalayan Centre for Excellence in Nanotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal
Pradesh, India
A. Sudhaik
School of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh,
India
A. Saini
Himalayan Centre for Excellence in Nanotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal
Pradesh, India
School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shoolini
University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
R. Saini
School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Science and Biotechnology, Shoolini University,
Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
Inamuddin et al. (eds.), Water Pollution and Remediation: Photocatalysis,
Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World 57,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54723-3_3
81