Wang L, Gao X, Cheng Y et al (2019a) TiO 2 @MgAl-layered double hydroxide with enhanced
photocatalytic activity towards degradation of gaseous toluene. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem
369:44–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.10.004
Wang X, Xiang Y, Zhou B et al (2019b) Enhanced photocatalytic performance of Ag/TiO 2
nanohybrid sensitized by black phosphorus nanosheets in visible and near-infrared light. J
Colloid Interface Sci 534:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2018.09.013
Wang S, Teng Z, Xu Y et al (2020) Defect as the essential factor in engineering carbon-nitridebased visible-light-driven Z-scheme photocatalyst. Appl Catal B Environ 260:118145. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.118145
Wei F, Liu Y, Zhao H et al (2018a) Oxygen self-doped g-C 3 N 4 with tunable electronic band
structure for unprecedentedly enhanced photocatalytic performance. Nanoscale 10:4515–4522.
https://doi.org/10.1039/c7nr09660g
Wei H, McMaster WA, Tan JZY et al (2018b) Tricomponent brookite/anatase TiO 2 /g-C 3 N 4
heterojunction in mesoporous hollow microspheres for enhanced visible-light photocatalysis.
J Mater Chem A 6:7236–7245. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta00386f
Wei Y, Zhu Y, Jiang Y (2019) Photocatalytic self-cleaning carbon nitride nanotube intercalated
reduced graphene oxide membranes for enhanced water purification. Chem Eng J 356:915–925
Wen J, Xie J, Chen X, Li X (2017) A review on g-C 3 N 4-based photocatalysts. Appl Surf Sci
391:72–123
Wu Y, Zhang J, Xiao L, Chen F (2010) Properties of carbon and iron modified TiO 2 photocatalyst
synthesized at low temperature and photodegradation of acid orange 7 under visible light. Appl
Surf Sci 256:4260–4268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.02.012
Wu J, Huang S, Jin Z et al (2018) Black phosphorus: an efficient co-catalyst for charge separation
and enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. J Mater Sci 53:16557–16566. https://doi.org/
10.1007/s10853-018-2830-2
Wu H-Z, Liu J, Li L-L, Wang Z, Zhong Q-H, Bandaru S, Lau WM (2019) Exploring the formation
and electronic structure properties of the g-C 3 N 4 nanoribbon with density functional theory. J
Phys Condens Matter 30:22
Xin Y, Huang Y, Lin K, Yu Y, Zhang B (2018) Self-template synthesis of double-layered porous
nanotubes with spatially separated photoredox surfaces for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen
production. Sci Bull 63(10):601–608
Xiong T, Cen W, Zhang Y, Dong F (2016) Bridging the g-C 3 N 4 interlayers for enhanced
photocatalysis. ACS Catal. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5b02922
Xue Y, Sun M (2019) Engineering hierarchical NiFe-layered double hydroxides derived
phosphosulfide for high-efficiency hydrogen evolving electrocatalysis. Int J Hydrog Energy
44(31):16378–16386
Xu D, Cheng B, Cao S, Yu J (2015) Enhanced photocatalytic activity and stability of Z-scheme
Ag 2 CrO 4 -GO composite photocatalysts for organic pollutant degradation. Appl Catal B Environ
164:380–388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.09.051
Xu C, Qian L, Lin J et al (2019a) Heptazine-based porous polymer for selective CO 2 sorption and
visible light photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol. Microporous Mesoporous Mater:9–14.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2019.03.011
Xu J, Fujitsuka M, Kim S et al (2019b) Unprecedented effect of CO 2 calcination atmosphere on
photocatalytic H 2 production activity from water using g-C 3 N 4 synthesized from triazole
polymerization. Appl Catal B Environ 241:141–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.09.
023
Xu X, Meng L, Dai Y et al (2020) Bi spheres SPR-coupled Cu 2 O/Bi 2 MoO 6 with hollow spheres
forming Z-scheme Cu 2 O/Bi/Bi 2 MoO 6 heterostructure for simultaneous photocatalytic decontamination of sulfadiazine and Ni(II). J Hazard Mater 381:120953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
jhazmat.2019.120953
Yanagida T, Sakata Y, Imamura H (2004) Photocatalytic decomposition of H 2 O into H 2 and O 2
over Ga 2 O 3 loaded with NiO. Chem Lett 33:726–727. https://doi.org/10.1246/cl.2004.726
9 Nanomaterials for the Photoremediation of Pollutants
317
photocatalytic activity towards degradation of gaseous toluene. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem
369:44–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.10.004
Wang X, Xiang Y, Zhou B et al (2019b) Enhanced photocatalytic performance of Ag/TiO 2
nanohybrid sensitized by black phosphorus nanosheets in visible and near-infrared light. J
Colloid Interface Sci 534:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2018.09.013
Wang S, Teng Z, Xu Y et al (2020) Defect as the essential factor in engineering carbon-nitridebased visible-light-driven Z-scheme photocatalyst. Appl Catal B Environ 260:118145. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.118145
Wei F, Liu Y, Zhao H et al (2018a) Oxygen self-doped g-C 3 N 4 with tunable electronic band
structure for unprecedentedly enhanced photocatalytic performance. Nanoscale 10:4515–4522.
https://doi.org/10.1039/c7nr09660g
Wei H, McMaster WA, Tan JZY et al (2018b) Tricomponent brookite/anatase TiO 2 /g-C 3 N 4
heterojunction in mesoporous hollow microspheres for enhanced visible-light photocatalysis.
J Mater Chem A 6:7236–7245. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta00386f
Wei Y, Zhu Y, Jiang Y (2019) Photocatalytic self-cleaning carbon nitride nanotube intercalated
reduced graphene oxide membranes for enhanced water purification. Chem Eng J 356:915–925
Wen J, Xie J, Chen X, Li X (2017) A review on g-C 3 N 4-based photocatalysts. Appl Surf Sci
391:72–123
Wu Y, Zhang J, Xiao L, Chen F (2010) Properties of carbon and iron modified TiO 2 photocatalyst
synthesized at low temperature and photodegradation of acid orange 7 under visible light. Appl
Surf Sci 256:4260–4268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.02.012
Wu J, Huang S, Jin Z et al (2018) Black phosphorus: an efficient co-catalyst for charge separation
and enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. J Mater Sci 53:16557–16566. https://doi.org/
10.1007/s10853-018-2830-2
Wu H-Z, Liu J, Li L-L, Wang Z, Zhong Q-H, Bandaru S, Lau WM (2019) Exploring the formation
and electronic structure properties of the g-C 3 N 4 nanoribbon with density functional theory. J
Phys Condens Matter 30:22
Xin Y, Huang Y, Lin K, Yu Y, Zhang B (2018) Self-template synthesis of double-layered porous
nanotubes with spatially separated photoredox surfaces for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen
production. Sci Bull 63(10):601–608
Xiong T, Cen W, Zhang Y, Dong F (2016) Bridging the g-C 3 N 4 interlayers for enhanced
photocatalysis. ACS Catal. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5b02922
Xue Y, Sun M (2019) Engineering hierarchical NiFe-layered double hydroxides derived
phosphosulfide for high-efficiency hydrogen evolving electrocatalysis. Int J Hydrog Energy
44(31):16378–16386
Xu D, Cheng B, Cao S, Yu J (2015) Enhanced photocatalytic activity and stability of Z-scheme
Ag 2 CrO 4 -GO composite photocatalysts for organic pollutant degradation. Appl Catal B Environ
164:380–388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.09.051
Xu C, Qian L, Lin J et al (2019a) Heptazine-based porous polymer for selective CO 2 sorption and
visible light photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol. Microporous Mesoporous Mater:9–14.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2019.03.011
Xu J, Fujitsuka M, Kim S et al (2019b) Unprecedented effect of CO 2 calcination atmosphere on
photocatalytic H 2 production activity from water using g-C 3 N 4 synthesized from triazole
polymerization. Appl Catal B Environ 241:141–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.09.
023
Xu X, Meng L, Dai Y et al (2020) Bi spheres SPR-coupled Cu 2 O/Bi 2 MoO 6 with hollow spheres
forming Z-scheme Cu 2 O/Bi/Bi 2 MoO 6 heterostructure for simultaneous photocatalytic decontamination of sulfadiazine and Ni(II). J Hazard Mater 381:120953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
jhazmat.2019.120953
Yanagida T, Sakata Y, Imamura H (2004) Photocatalytic decomposition of H 2 O into H 2 and O 2
over Ga 2 O 3 loaded with NiO. Chem Lett 33:726–727. https://doi.org/10.1246/cl.2004.726
9 Nanomaterials for the Photoremediation of Pollutants
317