Chapter 1
Photocatalytic Remediation of Organic
Pollutants in Water
Patiya Kemacheevakul and Surawut Chuangchote
Contents
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Photocatalysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2.1 Type of Photocatalysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2.2 Photocatalytic Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.3 Organic Pollutants in Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.3.1 Sources of Organic Pollutants in Wastewater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 12
1.3.2 Major Groups of Organic Pollutants in Wastewater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.4 Photocatalytic Remediation of Organic Pollutants in Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.4.1 Homogeneous Photocatalysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.4.2 Heterogeneous Photocatalysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.5 Modifications of Heterogeneous Photocatalysts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1.5.1 Doping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
1.5.2 Composite of Semiconductors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
1.5.3 Photoelectrodes in Photo-Electrocatalytic Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
1.6 Photocatalytic Reactors for Remediation of Organic Pollutants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 38
1.7 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
P. Kemacheevakul
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University
of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Bangkok, Thailand
Research Center of Advanced Materials for Energy and Environmental Technology (MEET),
King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
e-mail: patiya.kem@kmutt.ac.th
S. Chuangchote (*)
Research Center of Advanced Materials for Energy and Environmental Technology (MEET),
King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
Department of Tool and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s
University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
e-mail: surawut.chu@kmutt.ac.th
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
Inamuddin et al. (eds.), Water Pollution and Remediation: Photocatalysis,
Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World 57,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54723-3_1
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