Liang Y, Liu P, Yang G (2014) Fabrication of one-dimensional chain of iron-based bimetallic
alloying nanoparticles with unique magnetizations. Cryst Growth Des 14(11):5847–5855.
https://doi.org/10.1021/cg501079a
Lim SY, Shen W, Gao Z (2015) Carbon quantum dots and their applications. Chem Soc Rev 44
(1):362–381. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CS00269E
Lin L, Xu Y, Zhang S, Ross IM, Ong AC, Allwood DA (2013) Fabrication of luminescent
monolayered tungsten dichalcogenides quantum dots with giant spin-valley coupling. ACS
Nano 7(9):8214–8223. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn403682r
Liu R, Wu D, Liu S, Koynov K, Knoll W, Li Q (2009) An aqueous route to multicolor
photoluminescent carbon dots using silica spheres as carriers. Angew Chem Int Ed 48
(25):4598–4601. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200900652
Liu R, Wu D, Feng X, Muullen K (2011) Bottom-up fabrication of photoluminescent graphene
quantum dots with uniform morphology. J Am Chem Soc 133(39):15221–15223. https://doi.
org/10.1021/ja204953k
Liu F, Jang MH, Ha HD, Kim JH, Cho YH, Seo TS (2013) Facile synthetic method for pristine
graphene quantum dots and graphene oxide quantum dots: origin of blue and green luminescence. Adv Mater 25(27):3657–3662. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201300233
Liu B, Xu W, Sun T, Chen M, Tian L, Wang J (2014) Efficient visible light photocatalytic activity
of CdS on (001) facets exposed to BiOCl. New J Chem 38(6):2273–2277. https://doi.org/10.
1039/C4NJ00257A
Liu Y, Liao M, He X, Liu X, Kou X, Xiao D (2015) One-step synthesis of highly luminescent
nitrogen-doped carbon dots for selective and sensitive detection of mercury (ii) ions and cellular
imaging. Anal Sci 31(10):971–977. https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.31.971
Liu J, Rojas-Andrade MD, Chata G, Peng Y, Roseman G, Lu JE, Millhauser GL, Saltikov C, Chen
S (2018) Photo-enhanced antibacterial activity of ZnO/graphene quantum dot nanocomposites.
Nanoscale 10(1):158–166. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7NR07367D
Lu W, Qin X, Liu S, Chang G, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Asiri AM, Al-Youbi AO, Sun X (2012)
Economical, green synthesis of fluorescent carbon nanoparticles and their use as probes for
sensitive and selective detection of mercury (II) ions. Anal Chem 84(12):5351–5357. https://doi.
org/10.1021/ac3007939
Luo Z, Qi G, Chen K, Zou M, Yuwen L, Zhang X, Huang W, Wang L (2016) Microwave-assisted
preparation of white fluorescent graphene quantum dots as a novel phosphor for enhanced
white-light-emitting diodes. Adv Funct Mater 26(16):2739–2744. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.
201505044
Ma M, Hu X, Zhang C, Deng C, Wang X (2017) The optimum parameters to synthesize bright and
stable graphene quantum dots by hydrothermal method. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 28
(9):6493–6497. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-6337-4
Mehta VN, Jha S, Kailasa SK (2014) One-pot green synthesis of carbon dots by using Saccharum
officinarum juice for fluorescent imaging of bacteria (Escherichia coli) and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells. Mater Sci Eng C 38:20–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2014.01.038
Micic OI, Cheong HM, Fu H, Zunger A, Sprague JR, Mascarenhas A, Nozik AJ (1997) Sizedependent spectroscopy of InP quantum dots. J Phys Chem B 101(25):4904–4912. https://doi.
org/10.1021/jp9704731
Moreels I, Lambert K, De Muynck D, Vanhaecke F, Poelman D, Martins JC, Allan G, Hens Z
(2007) Composition and size-dependent extinction coefficient of colloidal PbSe quantum dots.
Chem Mater 19(25):6101–6106. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm071410q
Namdari P, Negahdari B, Eatemadi A (2017) Synthesis, properties and biomedical applications of
carbon-based quantum dots: an updated review. Biomed Pharmacother 87:209–222. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.108
Nie L, Zhang Q (2017) Recent progress in crystalline metal chalcogenides as efficient
photocatalysts for organic pollutant degradation. Inorg Chem Front 4(12):1953–1962. https://
doi.org/10.1039/C7QI00651A
112
P. Shandilya et al.
alloying nanoparticles with unique magnetizations. Cryst Growth Des 14(11):5847–5855.
https://doi.org/10.1021/cg501079a
Lim SY, Shen W, Gao Z (2015) Carbon quantum dots and their applications. Chem Soc Rev 44
(1):362–381. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CS00269E
Lin L, Xu Y, Zhang S, Ross IM, Ong AC, Allwood DA (2013) Fabrication of luminescent
monolayered tungsten dichalcogenides quantum dots with giant spin-valley coupling. ACS
Nano 7(9):8214–8223. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn403682r
Liu R, Wu D, Liu S, Koynov K, Knoll W, Li Q (2009) An aqueous route to multicolor
photoluminescent carbon dots using silica spheres as carriers. Angew Chem Int Ed 48
(25):4598–4601. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200900652
Liu R, Wu D, Feng X, Muullen K (2011) Bottom-up fabrication of photoluminescent graphene
quantum dots with uniform morphology. J Am Chem Soc 133(39):15221–15223. https://doi.
org/10.1021/ja204953k
Liu F, Jang MH, Ha HD, Kim JH, Cho YH, Seo TS (2013) Facile synthetic method for pristine
graphene quantum dots and graphene oxide quantum dots: origin of blue and green luminescence. Adv Mater 25(27):3657–3662. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201300233
Liu B, Xu W, Sun T, Chen M, Tian L, Wang J (2014) Efficient visible light photocatalytic activity
of CdS on (001) facets exposed to BiOCl. New J Chem 38(6):2273–2277. https://doi.org/10.
1039/C4NJ00257A
Liu Y, Liao M, He X, Liu X, Kou X, Xiao D (2015) One-step synthesis of highly luminescent
nitrogen-doped carbon dots for selective and sensitive detection of mercury (ii) ions and cellular
imaging. Anal Sci 31(10):971–977. https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.31.971
Liu J, Rojas-Andrade MD, Chata G, Peng Y, Roseman G, Lu JE, Millhauser GL, Saltikov C, Chen
S (2018) Photo-enhanced antibacterial activity of ZnO/graphene quantum dot nanocomposites.
Nanoscale 10(1):158–166. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7NR07367D
Lu W, Qin X, Liu S, Chang G, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Asiri AM, Al-Youbi AO, Sun X (2012)
Economical, green synthesis of fluorescent carbon nanoparticles and their use as probes for
sensitive and selective detection of mercury (II) ions. Anal Chem 84(12):5351–5357. https://doi.
org/10.1021/ac3007939
Luo Z, Qi G, Chen K, Zou M, Yuwen L, Zhang X, Huang W, Wang L (2016) Microwave-assisted
preparation of white fluorescent graphene quantum dots as a novel phosphor for enhanced
white-light-emitting diodes. Adv Funct Mater 26(16):2739–2744. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.
201505044
Ma M, Hu X, Zhang C, Deng C, Wang X (2017) The optimum parameters to synthesize bright and
stable graphene quantum dots by hydrothermal method. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 28
(9):6493–6497. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-6337-4
Mehta VN, Jha S, Kailasa SK (2014) One-pot green synthesis of carbon dots by using Saccharum
officinarum juice for fluorescent imaging of bacteria (Escherichia coli) and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells. Mater Sci Eng C 38:20–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2014.01.038
Micic OI, Cheong HM, Fu H, Zunger A, Sprague JR, Mascarenhas A, Nozik AJ (1997) Sizedependent spectroscopy of InP quantum dots. J Phys Chem B 101(25):4904–4912. https://doi.
org/10.1021/jp9704731
Moreels I, Lambert K, De Muynck D, Vanhaecke F, Poelman D, Martins JC, Allan G, Hens Z
(2007) Composition and size-dependent extinction coefficient of colloidal PbSe quantum dots.
Chem Mater 19(25):6101–6106. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm071410q
Namdari P, Negahdari B, Eatemadi A (2017) Synthesis, properties and biomedical applications of
carbon-based quantum dots: an updated review. Biomed Pharmacother 87:209–222. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.108
Nie L, Zhang Q (2017) Recent progress in crystalline metal chalcogenides as efficient
photocatalysts for organic pollutant degradation. Inorg Chem Front 4(12):1953–1962. https://
doi.org/10.1039/C7QI00651A
112
P. Shandilya et al.