3 Water Resource Availability and Quality …
51
• Sharing water resources in an equitable manner through transfers of water
among hydraulic basins and dams developed increasingly in Algeria, Tunisia,
and Morocco;
• Prioritizing the management of water demand rather than supply for optimization
of already mobilized water resources, and avoiding environmental pollution;
• Decentralizing water management responsibility through the creation of structures for local participative management of water resources. This approach has
demonstrated considerable advantages in, for example, Morocco and Tunisia;
• Engaging the private sector, currently adopted in Morocco and partly in Tunisia, in
building, operating, and maintaining water facilities. This implies strengthening
the role of government regulation;
• Applying incentives and sanctions to achieve and encourage conservation of
resources, including water pricing for the various sectors to include targeted
subsidies to low-income households;
• Reusing wastewater combined with artificial recharge as a framework to offer
alternate solutions in many countries. Desalination using efficient and environmentally friendly renewable energies, coupled with inexpensive desalination technologies, could be conducive to producing freshwater on both medium and small
scales. This solution is recommended for supplying more than 50% of the rural
population living in the region, and
• Promoting cooperation for sustainable management of transboundary water
resources and creating a framework of cooperation specific to the region. The
ongoing experience of Algeria, Libya, and Tunisia in coordinating management
of the North-Western Sahara Aquifer System—supported program implemented
by the Sahara and Sahelian Observatory (OSS) is considered a potential model to
improve and enhance communication among key stakeholders.
The countries of the North Africa region should play to their strengths, benefitting
from coordination and taking examples from successful, applicable experiences from
fields including building dams, and supplying drinking water supply and sanitation.
A framework must be created to create suitable cooperation in the region, taking
into account their common problems of water availability and quality in the region.
Strengthening education and training at all levels and advancing data collection and
sharing is also critical.
References
Abdel Wahaab R, Omar M (2011) Wastewater reuse in Egypt: opportunities and challenges (Part
II). Expert consultation on waste water management in the Arab word, Dubai-UAE, 22–24 May
2011
Abdel-Satar A, Ali M, Gohera M (2017) Indices of water quality and metal pollution of Nile River
Egypt. Egyp J Aqua Res 43:21–29
Abdullah A, Hussona S (2014) Water quality assessment of Mahmoudia canal in Northern West of
Egypt. J Poll Effects Control 2:121
51
• Sharing water resources in an equitable manner through transfers of water
among hydraulic basins and dams developed increasingly in Algeria, Tunisia,
and Morocco;
• Prioritizing the management of water demand rather than supply for optimization
of already mobilized water resources, and avoiding environmental pollution;
• Decentralizing water management responsibility through the creation of structures for local participative management of water resources. This approach has
demonstrated considerable advantages in, for example, Morocco and Tunisia;
• Engaging the private sector, currently adopted in Morocco and partly in Tunisia, in
building, operating, and maintaining water facilities. This implies strengthening
the role of government regulation;
• Applying incentives and sanctions to achieve and encourage conservation of
resources, including water pricing for the various sectors to include targeted
subsidies to low-income households;
• Reusing wastewater combined with artificial recharge as a framework to offer
alternate solutions in many countries. Desalination using efficient and environmentally friendly renewable energies, coupled with inexpensive desalination technologies, could be conducive to producing freshwater on both medium and small
scales. This solution is recommended for supplying more than 50% of the rural
population living in the region, and
• Promoting cooperation for sustainable management of transboundary water
resources and creating a framework of cooperation specific to the region. The
ongoing experience of Algeria, Libya, and Tunisia in coordinating management
of the North-Western Sahara Aquifer System—supported program implemented
by the Sahara and Sahelian Observatory (OSS) is considered a potential model to
improve and enhance communication among key stakeholders.
The countries of the North Africa region should play to their strengths, benefitting
from coordination and taking examples from successful, applicable experiences from
fields including building dams, and supplying drinking water supply and sanitation.
A framework must be created to create suitable cooperation in the region, taking
into account their common problems of water availability and quality in the region.
Strengthening education and training at all levels and advancing data collection and
sharing is also critical.
References
Abdel Wahaab R, Omar M (2011) Wastewater reuse in Egypt: opportunities and challenges (Part
II). Expert consultation on waste water management in the Arab word, Dubai-UAE, 22–24 May
2011
Abdel-Satar A, Ali M, Gohera M (2017) Indices of water quality and metal pollution of Nile River
Egypt. Egyp J Aqua Res 43:21–29
Abdullah A, Hussona S (2014) Water quality assessment of Mahmoudia canal in Northern West of
Egypt. J Poll Effects Control 2:121