430
T. Mabhaudhi et al.
Africa . Current literature shows that policies, strategies, and plans have not fully
embraced the applicability of the WEF nexus to sustainable resource management.
More research is needed and must include participation of policymakers, researchers,
and other stakeholders to provide a comprehensive perspective on the desirability of
and approach to implementing the WEF nexus in South Africa.
The most relevant and applicable indices , models, and metrics relating to the
WEF nexus in South Africawere reviewed and summarized. Most would require
modifications to be applicable to South Africa. Data availability and quality will be a
factor in the reliability of any model, emphasizing the necessity of a central database
where data can be compared and validated. Temporal and spatial scale differences
among data inputs also require further consideration and may be best resolved by
integrating multiple models and tools.
References
Ahjum F, Merven B, Cullis J, Goldstein G, DeLaquil P, Stone A (2018) Development of a national
water-energy system model with emphasis on the power sector for south africa. Environ Progr
Sustain Energy 37:132–147
Akhtar MK, Wibe J, Simonovic SP, MacGee J (2013) Integrated assessment model of societybiosphere-climateeconomy-energy system. J Environ Model Softw 49:1–21
Albrecht TR, Crootof A, Scott CA (2018) The water-energy-food Nexus: A systematic review of
methods for nexus assessment. Environ Res Lett 13:043002
Carter S, Gulati M (2014) Climate change, the food energy water nexus and food
security in South Africa. Understanding the Food Energy Water Nexus. WWF-SA,
South Africa. http://awsassets.wwf.org.za/downloads/1__a16231_wwf_climate_change_few_
and_food_security_in_sa__online.pdf
Conway D, Van Garderen EA, Deryng D, Dorling S, Krueger T, Landman W, Lankford B, Lebek K,
Osborn T, Ringler C (2015) Climate and southern Africa’s water–energy–food nexus. Nat Clim
Change 5:837
Daher BT, Mohtar RH (2015) Water–energy–food (WEF) Nexus Tool 2.0: guiding integrative
resource planning and decision-making. Water Int 40:748–771
Davies EGR, Simonovic SP (2011) Global water resources modeling with an integrated model of
the social–economic–environmental system. Adv Water Resour 34:684–700
Endo A, Tsurita I, Burnett K, Orencio PM (2017) A review of current state of research on the water,
energy and food nexus. J Hydrol Region Stud 11:20–30
FAO (2013) An innovative accounting framework for the food-energy-water nexus. Application of
the MuSIASEM approach to three case studies
FAO (2017) Food security indicators. Vol. 2018
Hoff H (2011) Understanding the nexus: Background paper for the Bonn Nexus Conference. SEI
Hu G, Ou X, Zhang Q, Karplus VJ (2013) Analysis on energy–water nexus by Sankey diagram: the
case of Beijing. Desalin Water Treat 51:19–21
Karabulut AA, Crenna E, Sala S, Udias A (2018) A proposal for integration of the ecosystem-waterfood-land-energy (EWFLE) nexus concept into life cycle assessment: a synthesis matrix system
for food security. J Clean Prod 172:3874–3889
Keairns DL, Darton RC, Irabien A (2016) The Energy-Water-Food Nexus. Annu Rev Chem Biomol
Eng 7:239–262
T. Mabhaudhi et al.
Africa . Current literature shows that policies, strategies, and plans have not fully
embraced the applicability of the WEF nexus to sustainable resource management.
More research is needed and must include participation of policymakers, researchers,
and other stakeholders to provide a comprehensive perspective on the desirability of
and approach to implementing the WEF nexus in South Africa.
The most relevant and applicable indices , models, and metrics relating to the
WEF nexus in South Africawere reviewed and summarized. Most would require
modifications to be applicable to South Africa. Data availability and quality will be a
factor in the reliability of any model, emphasizing the necessity of a central database
where data can be compared and validated. Temporal and spatial scale differences
among data inputs also require further consideration and may be best resolved by
integrating multiple models and tools.
References
Ahjum F, Merven B, Cullis J, Goldstein G, DeLaquil P, Stone A (2018) Development of a national
water-energy system model with emphasis on the power sector for south africa. Environ Progr
Sustain Energy 37:132–147
Akhtar MK, Wibe J, Simonovic SP, MacGee J (2013) Integrated assessment model of societybiosphere-climateeconomy-energy system. J Environ Model Softw 49:1–21
Albrecht TR, Crootof A, Scott CA (2018) The water-energy-food Nexus: A systematic review of
methods for nexus assessment. Environ Res Lett 13:043002
Carter S, Gulati M (2014) Climate change, the food energy water nexus and food
security in South Africa. Understanding the Food Energy Water Nexus. WWF-SA,
South Africa. http://awsassets.wwf.org.za/downloads/1__a16231_wwf_climate_change_few_
and_food_security_in_sa__online.pdf
Conway D, Van Garderen EA, Deryng D, Dorling S, Krueger T, Landman W, Lankford B, Lebek K,
Osborn T, Ringler C (2015) Climate and southern Africa’s water–energy–food nexus. Nat Clim
Change 5:837
Daher BT, Mohtar RH (2015) Water–energy–food (WEF) Nexus Tool 2.0: guiding integrative
resource planning and decision-making. Water Int 40:748–771
Davies EGR, Simonovic SP (2011) Global water resources modeling with an integrated model of
the social–economic–environmental system. Adv Water Resour 34:684–700
Endo A, Tsurita I, Burnett K, Orencio PM (2017) A review of current state of research on the water,
energy and food nexus. J Hydrol Region Stud 11:20–30
FAO (2013) An innovative accounting framework for the food-energy-water nexus. Application of
the MuSIASEM approach to three case studies
FAO (2017) Food security indicators. Vol. 2018
Hoff H (2011) Understanding the nexus: Background paper for the Bonn Nexus Conference. SEI
Hu G, Ou X, Zhang Q, Karplus VJ (2013) Analysis on energy–water nexus by Sankey diagram: the
case of Beijing. Desalin Water Treat 51:19–21
Karabulut AA, Crenna E, Sala S, Udias A (2018) A proposal for integration of the ecosystem-waterfood-land-energy (EWFLE) nexus concept into life cycle assessment: a synthesis matrix system
for food security. J Clean Prod 172:3874–3889
Keairns DL, Darton RC, Irabien A (2016) The Energy-Water-Food Nexus. Annu Rev Chem Biomol
Eng 7:239–262