274
C. Faye et al.
of the Lake de Guiers) to enhance adequate and sustainable management of resources
to meet demand and supply for freshwater.
5 Conclusion
Water resources in Senegal are fragile and subject to the many pressures driven by
human activity and compounded by climate change. The effects of climate change
have become real as the frequency and intensity of droughts and floods increase.
Water pollution in its various forms is increasing and contributes to the degradation
of water quality.
Freshwater security strategies must account for demand, ensuring that any calculation and approach reflect “real” needs as expressed by the population. Solutions
must first address demand management before increasing net water supply, where
possible. Mobilization of additional water resources to support the overall demand
must include conventional as well as unconventional water resources (e.g., rivers,
lakes and water re-use).
Programs must focus on water resource preservation, including from wetlands
and other aquatic environments. Particular attention must be paid to the preservation of groundwater resources, including appropriate measures for avoiding overexploitation and pollution. Effective water management is based on relevant, comprehensive and reliable information and decision support tools. Water quality and quantity measurement networks must be maintained and modernized and information
must be accessible to stakeholders involved in water management as stipulated by
principles of good governance. To monitor progress and disseminate good practices,
observatories and water information systems to monitor climate change effects and
impacts on the water resources of the country must be established.
References
Agence Nationale de la Statistique et de la Démographie (2013) Recensement Général de la Population et de l’Habitat, de l’Agriculture et de l’Elevage (RGPHAE). Rapport provisoire, mars 2014,
36 p
Ali A, Lebel T (2009) The Sahelian standardized rainfall index revisited. Int J Climatol 29(12):1705–
1714
Allen JA (2002) The middle east water question, hydro politics, and the global economy. London
and New York
AMCOW (2013) Sécurité en eau et développement résilient au changement climatique. Document
d’information technique, 149 p
ANSD (2017) Cadre institutionnel, État de la mise en œuvre & Défis : Cas du Sénégal. Atelier
sur l’environnement institutionnel robuste, la coopération, le dialogue et les partenariats pour la
production et l’utilisation des indicateurs des ODD. Libreville, Gabon, 3–5 Juillet 2017, 15 p
Assetto VJ, Hajba E, Mumme SP (2003) Democratization, decentralisation, and local environmental
policy capacity: hungary and Mexico. Social Sci J 40:249–268
C. Faye et al.
of the Lake de Guiers) to enhance adequate and sustainable management of resources
to meet demand and supply for freshwater.
5 Conclusion
Water resources in Senegal are fragile and subject to the many pressures driven by
human activity and compounded by climate change. The effects of climate change
have become real as the frequency and intensity of droughts and floods increase.
Water pollution in its various forms is increasing and contributes to the degradation
of water quality.
Freshwater security strategies must account for demand, ensuring that any calculation and approach reflect “real” needs as expressed by the population. Solutions
must first address demand management before increasing net water supply, where
possible. Mobilization of additional water resources to support the overall demand
must include conventional as well as unconventional water resources (e.g., rivers,
lakes and water re-use).
Programs must focus on water resource preservation, including from wetlands
and other aquatic environments. Particular attention must be paid to the preservation of groundwater resources, including appropriate measures for avoiding overexploitation and pollution. Effective water management is based on relevant, comprehensive and reliable information and decision support tools. Water quality and quantity measurement networks must be maintained and modernized and information
must be accessible to stakeholders involved in water management as stipulated by
principles of good governance. To monitor progress and disseminate good practices,
observatories and water information systems to monitor climate change effects and
impacts on the water resources of the country must be established.
References
Agence Nationale de la Statistique et de la Démographie (2013) Recensement Général de la Population et de l’Habitat, de l’Agriculture et de l’Elevage (RGPHAE). Rapport provisoire, mars 2014,
36 p
Ali A, Lebel T (2009) The Sahelian standardized rainfall index revisited. Int J Climatol 29(12):1705–
1714
Allen JA (2002) The middle east water question, hydro politics, and the global economy. London
and New York
AMCOW (2013) Sécurité en eau et développement résilient au changement climatique. Document
d’information technique, 149 p
ANSD (2017) Cadre institutionnel, État de la mise en œuvre & Défis : Cas du Sénégal. Atelier
sur l’environnement institutionnel robuste, la coopération, le dialogue et les partenariats pour la
production et l’utilisation des indicateurs des ODD. Libreville, Gabon, 3–5 Juillet 2017, 15 p
Assetto VJ, Hajba E, Mumme SP (2003) Democratization, decentralisation, and local environmental
policy capacity: hungary and Mexico. Social Sci J 40:249–268