168
M. T. Sall et al.
(Hoolohan et al. 2018), is needed for successful adoption, which would strengthen
the capacity of local actors to take ownership of the approach.
In the current context of global and local climate change with high population
growth, it is, of course, difficult to predict the future, especially in the Senegal River
delta. The environment is rich in water resources and agricultural development potential but is also fragile, on the border of very poor and already semi-desert areas. IWRM
within a Water-Energy-Food Nexus approach, applied to the river delta, will support
decision-makers and stakeholders in the area to optimize the use of water and energy
resources.
In the ideal case, IWRM and the Water-Energy-Food nexus approaches will be
adopted through appropriate investments, making it possible to consider sustainable agro-economic development for the benefit of all. If this fails, it could lead, in
the context of climate change, to greater vulnerability of small farmers as well as
agro-industry. The latter, although technically better equipped, would be subject to
social and environmental constraints that threaten the sustainability of their production models. Considering the complexities, it may be most realistic to imagine an
initial intermediate scenario consisting of partial implementation. This could lead
in turn to further development at the expense of optimizing progress agriculturally,
economically and socially. Smaller and more fragile producers are more vulnerable
to negative impacts than are modern and autonomous producers.
Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank
The CSS Executive Director, Mr Vincent Leroux, for his agreement to use internal CSS data
Prof Bernard Tychon for the appreciated contribution on several topics of discussion.
Prof Alioune Kane and Prof Awa Niang for the appreciated opportunity to work with them on
IWMR in the Delta area.
References
Burnett K, Christopher AW (2018) Accounting for externalities in the water energy food Nexus Wada
from the Water-Energy-Food Nexus. Global Environ Stud :261–272
Chopart JL (2016) Two high-fibre sugarcane varieties adapted for energy use in Guadeloupe In:
ISSCT (edit) 29th ISSCT congress, Chiang Mai, Thailand, vol. 29, pp 34–37
Chopart JL , Bonnal L et al (2013) Functional relationships between dry above-ground biomass and
the energy yield of sugarcane, In: STAB & ISSCT (edits) 28th ISSCT congress, vol. 28, p 39
Chopart JL, Sall MT et al (2018) Advances in sugarcane irrigation for optimisation of water supply.
In: Rott P (ed) Achieving sustainable cultivation of sugarcane, vol. 1. Cultivation Techniques,
quality and sustainability, Burleigh Dodds, London, pp 141–160
Chopart JL, Sergent G (2015) Root biomass quantification of sugar and multipurpose cane varieties
for sustainable production, In: Abstracts of the second ISSCT Agronomy Workshop, Durban
South Africa, 1 p
Chopart JL, Sergent G, Goebel FR (2015) Cropping systems for energy cane grown on volcanic
soil in a tropical climate: initial results on planting dates, cycle duration and pest pressure. In:
Abstracts of the second ISSCT Agronomy Workshop, Durban, South Africa, 1 p
M. T. Sall et al.
(Hoolohan et al. 2018), is needed for successful adoption, which would strengthen
the capacity of local actors to take ownership of the approach.
In the current context of global and local climate change with high population
growth, it is, of course, difficult to predict the future, especially in the Senegal River
delta. The environment is rich in water resources and agricultural development potential but is also fragile, on the border of very poor and already semi-desert areas. IWRM
within a Water-Energy-Food Nexus approach, applied to the river delta, will support
decision-makers and stakeholders in the area to optimize the use of water and energy
resources.
In the ideal case, IWRM and the Water-Energy-Food nexus approaches will be
adopted through appropriate investments, making it possible to consider sustainable agro-economic development for the benefit of all. If this fails, it could lead, in
the context of climate change, to greater vulnerability of small farmers as well as
agro-industry. The latter, although technically better equipped, would be subject to
social and environmental constraints that threaten the sustainability of their production models. Considering the complexities, it may be most realistic to imagine an
initial intermediate scenario consisting of partial implementation. This could lead
in turn to further development at the expense of optimizing progress agriculturally,
economically and socially. Smaller and more fragile producers are more vulnerable
to negative impacts than are modern and autonomous producers.
Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank
The CSS Executive Director, Mr Vincent Leroux, for his agreement to use internal CSS data
Prof Bernard Tychon for the appreciated contribution on several topics of discussion.
Prof Alioune Kane and Prof Awa Niang for the appreciated opportunity to work with them on
IWMR in the Delta area.
References
Burnett K, Christopher AW (2018) Accounting for externalities in the water energy food Nexus Wada
from the Water-Energy-Food Nexus. Global Environ Stud :261–272
Chopart JL (2016) Two high-fibre sugarcane varieties adapted for energy use in Guadeloupe In:
ISSCT (edit) 29th ISSCT congress, Chiang Mai, Thailand, vol. 29, pp 34–37
Chopart JL , Bonnal L et al (2013) Functional relationships between dry above-ground biomass and
the energy yield of sugarcane, In: STAB & ISSCT (edits) 28th ISSCT congress, vol. 28, p 39
Chopart JL, Sall MT et al (2018) Advances in sugarcane irrigation for optimisation of water supply.
In: Rott P (ed) Achieving sustainable cultivation of sugarcane, vol. 1. Cultivation Techniques,
quality and sustainability, Burleigh Dodds, London, pp 141–160
Chopart JL, Sergent G (2015) Root biomass quantification of sugar and multipurpose cane varieties
for sustainable production, In: Abstracts of the second ISSCT Agronomy Workshop, Durban
South Africa, 1 p
Chopart JL, Sergent G, Goebel FR (2015) Cropping systems for energy cane grown on volcanic
soil in a tropical climate: initial results on planting dates, cycle duration and pest pressure. In:
Abstracts of the second ISSCT Agronomy Workshop, Durban, South Africa, 1 p