Reconstructions of known and lesser known fossil parasites made especially for this volume by (c) Franz
Anthony (http://franzanth.com/): Cambrian pentastomid Heymonsicambria scandica (upper left) described by
Walossek and Müller (1994: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263593300006295), developing roundworm Ascarites
priscus (upper centre) from the Lower Cretaceous described by Poinar and Boucot (2006: https://doi.
org/10.1017/S0031182006000138), Cretaceous copepod Kabatarina pattersoni (upper right) described by
Cressey and Boxshall (1989: https://doi.org/10.2307/1485466), putative parasitic isopod Urda rostrata (middle center) from the Jurassic described by Nagler et al. (2017: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-0915-1),
Late Cretaceous engorged tick Deinocroton draculi (middle left) described by Peñalver et al. (2017: https://
doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01550-z), Eocene bird louse Megamenopon rasnitsyni (middle right) described
by Wappler et al. (2004: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2003.0158), developing acanthocephalan (lower left)
from the Upper Cretaceous described Cardia et al. (2019: https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201920170848)
early nematode Palaeonema phyticum (lower center) described by Poinar et al. (2008: https://doi.
org/10.1163/156854108783360159) from the Lower Devonian, and developing tapeworm from the Permian
described by Dentzien-Dias et al. (2013: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055007)