524
Polis GA, Strong DR (1996) Food web complexity and community dynamics. Am Nat 147:813–846
Ponomarenko AG (1976) A new insect from the Cretaceous of Transbaikalia, a possible parasite of
pterosaurians. Paleontol Zh 1976:102–106
Ponomarenko AG (1995) The geological history of beetles. In: Pakaluk J, Ślipiński SA (eds)
Biology, phylogeny, and classification of coleoptera: papers celebrating the 80th birthday of
Roy A. Crowson. Museum and Institute of Zoology, Warsaw, pp 155–171
Popham EJ (1984) The genus Hemimerus, insect parasites of the giant rat. Nyala 10:39–42
Poulin R (2011) The many roads to parasitism: a tale of convergence. Adv Parasitol 74:1–40
Poulin R, Morand S (2000) The diversity of parasites. Q Rev Biol 75:277–293
Power ME (1992) Top–down and bottom–up forces in food webs: do plants have primacy. Ecology
73:733–746
Prentice M, Poinar GO Jr, Milki R (1996) Fossil scolebythids (Hymenoptera: Scolebythidae) from
Lebanese and Dominican amber. Proc Entomol Soc Wash 98:802–811
Price PW (1980) Evolutionary biology of parasites. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ
Price PW (1984) Insect ecology. Wiley, New York
Price PW, Denno RF, Eubanks MD, Finke DL, Kaplan I (2011) Insect ecology, 4th edn. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, UK
Putz FE, Holbrook NM (1989) Strangler fig rooting habits and nutrient relations in the Llanos of
Venezuela. Am J Bot 76:781–788
Quevillon LE, Hughes DP (2018) Pathogens, parasites, and parasitoids of ants: a synthesis of parasite biodiversity and epidemiological traits. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/384495
Quicke DLJ (1997) Parasitic wasps. Chapman and Hall, New York
Qvarnström M, Niedźwiedzki G, Žigaitė Ž (2016) Vertebrate coprolites (fossil faeces): an underexplored Konservat-Lagerstätte. Earth Sci Rev 162:44–57
Rainford JL, Mayhew PJ (2015) Diet evolution and clade richness in Hexapoda: a phylogenetic
study of higher taxa. Am Nat 186:777–791
Rainford JL, Hofreiter M, Nicholson DB, Mayhew PJ (2014) Phylogenetic distribution of extant
richness suggests metamorphosis is a key innovation driving diversification in insects. PLoS
One 9(10):e10985. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0109085
Ramírez LC, Corsolino J, Di Iorio O (2016) First fossil record of parasitic flat-bark beetle
(Coleoptera: Passandrididae) from the Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina. Ameghiniana
53:160–169
Rasnitsyn AP (1964) New Triassic hymenopterans from Central Asia. Paleontol Zh 1964(1):88–96
Rasnitsyn AP (1968) New Mesozoic sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). In: Rohdendorf BB (ed)
Jurassic insects of Karatau. USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow, pp 190–236. (in Russian)
Rasnitsyn AP (1969) The origin and evolution of lower Hymenoptera. Trans Paleontol Inst
123:1–196. (in Russian)
Rasnitsyn AP (1972) Late Jurassic hymenopterous insects (Praeaulacidae) of Karatau. Paleontol
Zh 1972:70–87. (in Russian)
Rasnitsyn AP (1975) Hymenoptera Apocrita of the Mesozoic. Trans Paleontol Inst 147:1–134. (in
Russian)
Rasnitsyn AP (1980) On the system of the family Aulacidae (Hymenoptera) in connection with
a new finding in the Cretaceous of Manlay. Trans Joint Soviet-Mongolian Paleontol Exped
13:65–67. (in Russian)
Rasnitsyn AP (1983) New names for fossil insects. Paleontol Zh 3:103. (in Russian)
Rasnitsyn AP (1985) Jurassic insects of Siberia and Mongolia. Trudy Paleontol Inst Akad Nauk
SSSR 211:1–192. (in Russian)
Rasnitsyn AP (1988) An outline of evolution of the hymenopterous insects (order Vespida). Orient
Insects 22:115–145
Rasnitsyn AP (1991a) Early Cretaceous evaniomorphous hymenopterans. Vest Zool 1991:128–132.
(in Russian)
Rasnitsyn AP (1991b) Early members of Evaniomorphous hymenopteran families Stigmaphronidae,
Cretevaniidae and the subfamily Kotujellitinae (Gasteruptiidae). Paleontol J 1991:128–132.
(in Russian)
C. C. Labandeira and L. Li
Polis GA, Strong DR (1996) Food web complexity and community dynamics. Am Nat 147:813–846
Ponomarenko AG (1976) A new insect from the Cretaceous of Transbaikalia, a possible parasite of
pterosaurians. Paleontol Zh 1976:102–106
Ponomarenko AG (1995) The geological history of beetles. In: Pakaluk J, Ślipiński SA (eds)
Biology, phylogeny, and classification of coleoptera: papers celebrating the 80th birthday of
Roy A. Crowson. Museum and Institute of Zoology, Warsaw, pp 155–171
Popham EJ (1984) The genus Hemimerus, insect parasites of the giant rat. Nyala 10:39–42
Poulin R (2011) The many roads to parasitism: a tale of convergence. Adv Parasitol 74:1–40
Poulin R, Morand S (2000) The diversity of parasites. Q Rev Biol 75:277–293
Power ME (1992) Top–down and bottom–up forces in food webs: do plants have primacy. Ecology
73:733–746
Prentice M, Poinar GO Jr, Milki R (1996) Fossil scolebythids (Hymenoptera: Scolebythidae) from
Lebanese and Dominican amber. Proc Entomol Soc Wash 98:802–811
Price PW (1980) Evolutionary biology of parasites. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ
Price PW (1984) Insect ecology. Wiley, New York
Price PW, Denno RF, Eubanks MD, Finke DL, Kaplan I (2011) Insect ecology, 4th edn. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, UK
Putz FE, Holbrook NM (1989) Strangler fig rooting habits and nutrient relations in the Llanos of
Venezuela. Am J Bot 76:781–788
Quevillon LE, Hughes DP (2018) Pathogens, parasites, and parasitoids of ants: a synthesis of parasite biodiversity and epidemiological traits. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/384495
Quicke DLJ (1997) Parasitic wasps. Chapman and Hall, New York
Qvarnström M, Niedźwiedzki G, Žigaitė Ž (2016) Vertebrate coprolites (fossil faeces): an underexplored Konservat-Lagerstätte. Earth Sci Rev 162:44–57
Rainford JL, Mayhew PJ (2015) Diet evolution and clade richness in Hexapoda: a phylogenetic
study of higher taxa. Am Nat 186:777–791
Rainford JL, Hofreiter M, Nicholson DB, Mayhew PJ (2014) Phylogenetic distribution of extant
richness suggests metamorphosis is a key innovation driving diversification in insects. PLoS
One 9(10):e10985. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0109085
Ramírez LC, Corsolino J, Di Iorio O (2016) First fossil record of parasitic flat-bark beetle
(Coleoptera: Passandrididae) from the Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina. Ameghiniana
53:160–169
Rasnitsyn AP (1964) New Triassic hymenopterans from Central Asia. Paleontol Zh 1964(1):88–96
Rasnitsyn AP (1968) New Mesozoic sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). In: Rohdendorf BB (ed)
Jurassic insects of Karatau. USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow, pp 190–236. (in Russian)
Rasnitsyn AP (1969) The origin and evolution of lower Hymenoptera. Trans Paleontol Inst
123:1–196. (in Russian)
Rasnitsyn AP (1972) Late Jurassic hymenopterous insects (Praeaulacidae) of Karatau. Paleontol
Zh 1972:70–87. (in Russian)
Rasnitsyn AP (1975) Hymenoptera Apocrita of the Mesozoic. Trans Paleontol Inst 147:1–134. (in
Russian)
Rasnitsyn AP (1980) On the system of the family Aulacidae (Hymenoptera) in connection with
a new finding in the Cretaceous of Manlay. Trans Joint Soviet-Mongolian Paleontol Exped
13:65–67. (in Russian)
Rasnitsyn AP (1983) New names for fossil insects. Paleontol Zh 3:103. (in Russian)
Rasnitsyn AP (1985) Jurassic insects of Siberia and Mongolia. Trudy Paleontol Inst Akad Nauk
SSSR 211:1–192. (in Russian)
Rasnitsyn AP (1988) An outline of evolution of the hymenopterous insects (order Vespida). Orient
Insects 22:115–145
Rasnitsyn AP (1991a) Early Cretaceous evaniomorphous hymenopterans. Vest Zool 1991:128–132.
(in Russian)
Rasnitsyn AP (1991b) Early members of Evaniomorphous hymenopteran families Stigmaphronidae,
Cretevaniidae and the subfamily Kotujellitinae (Gasteruptiidae). Paleontol J 1991:128–132.
(in Russian)
C. C. Labandeira and L. Li