418
Table 11.1 Larval biologies of modern and fossil parasitoid insect taxa
Taxon
a
Parasitoid larval life-habit
b
Dominant larval hosts
c
Host stage of
larval parasitoid
attack
d
Geochronologic
range
e
References
f
NEUROPTERA
Hemerobioformia
Mantispidae
Ectoparasitoid predator
Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae;
Lepidoptera: Noctuidae;
Hymenoptera: Apidae
Larvae and
pupae of soil
insects; egg sacs
of spiders
Callovian–
Recent
Askew (1971), Lambkin
(1986), Eggleton and
Belshaw (1992),
Grimaldi and Engel
(2005a), Poinar Jr and
Buckley (2010), Haug
et al. (2018), Chen et al.
(2019)
COLEOPTERA
Caraboidea
Carabidae
Ectoparasitoid
Diplopoda; Orthoptera:
Stenopelmatidae; Coleoptera:
Chrysomelidae; Diptera
Pupae, puparia
and eggs of soil
arthropods; on
plants
Carnian–Recent Clausen (1940), Erwin
(1979), Eggleton and
Belshaw (1992),
Grimaldi and Engel
(2005a)
Staphylinoidea
Staphylinidae
Ectoparasitoid
Diptera
Puparia in
ephemeral
habitats
Carnian–Recent Clausen (1940),
Klimaszewski (1984),
Eggleton and Belshaw
(1992), Fraser et al.
(1996), Chatzimanolis
et al. (2012)
Scarabaeoidea
C. C. Labandeira and L. Li