345
Poinar GO Jr (2004) Fossil evidence of spider egg parasitism by ichneumonid wasps. Beitr Araneol
3B:1874–1877
Poinar GO Jr (2015a) Rickettsial-like cells in the Cretaceous tick, Cornupalpatum burmanicum
(Ixodida: Ixodidae). Cretac Res 52:623–627
Poinar GO Jr (2015b) Spirochete-like cells in a Dominican amber Amblyomma tick (Arachnida:
Ixodidae). Hist Biol 27:565–570
Poinar G (2021) Fossil record of viruses, parasitic bacteria and parasitic protozoa. In: De Baets
K, Huntley JW (eds) The Evolution and Fossil Record Of Parasitism: Identification and
Macroevolution of Parasites. Topics in Geobiology 49
Poinar GO Jr, Brown AE (2003) A new genus of hard ticks in Cretaceous Burmese amber (Acari:
Ixodida: Ixodidae). Syst Parasitol 54:199–205
Poinar GO Jr, Buckley R (2008) Compluriscutula vetulum (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae), a new
genus and species of hard tick from Lower Cretaceous Burmese amber. Proc Entomol Soc
Washington 110:445–450
Poinar GO Jr, Treat AE, Southcott RV (1991) Mite parasitism of moths: examples of paleosymbiosis in Dominican amber. Experientia 47:210–212
Poinar GO Jr, Krantz GW, Boucot AJ, Pike TM (1997) A unique Mesozoic parasitic association.
Naturwissenschaften 84:321–322
Poulin R (2011) Evolutionary ecology of parasites. Princeton University Press, Princeton
Proctor H (2003) Feather mites (Acari: Astigmata): ecology behaviour, and evolution. Annu Rev
Entomol 48:185–209
Radovsky FJ, Yunker CR (1971) Xenarthronyssus furmani, n. gen., n. sp. (Acarina: Dasponyssidae),
parasites of armadillos, with two subspecies. J Med Entomol 8:135–142
Rapp A (1959) Zur Biologie und Ethologie der Käfermilbe Parasitus coleoptratorum L. 1758 (Ein
Beitrag zum Phoresie-Problem). Zool Jahrb Syst 86:303–366
Reeves WK, Loftis AD, Szumlas DE, Abbassy MM, Helmy IM, Hanafi HA, Dasch GA (2007)
Rickettsial pathogens in the tropical rat mite Ornithonyssus bacoti (Acari: Macronyssidae)
from Egyptian rats (Rattus spp.). Exp Appl Acarol 41:101–107
Robin N, Béthoux O, Sidorchuk E, Cui Y, Li Y, Germain D, King A, Berenguer F, Ren D (2016)
A Carboniferous mite on an insect reveals the antiquity of an inconspicuous interaction. Curr
Biol 26:1–7
Robin N (2021) Importance of data on fossil symbioses for parasite-host evolution. In: De Baets
K, Huntley JW (eds) The evolution and fossil record of parasitism: Coevolution and paleoparasitological techniques. Topics in Geobiology 50
Rodriguez J, Waichert C, von Dohlen CD, Poinar GO Jr, Pitts JP (2016) Eocene and not Cretaceous
origin of spider wasps: fossil evidence from amber. Acta Palaeotol Polon 61:89–96
Rosenkrantz P, Aumeier P, Zigelmann B (2010) Biology and control of Varroa destructor. J
Invertebr Pathol 103:S96–S119
Rota-Stabelli O, Daley AC, Pisani D (2013) Molecular timetrees reveal a Cambrian colonization
of land and a new scenario for ecdysozoan evolution. Curr Biol 23:1–7
Sanchez JP, Nava S, Lareschi M, Ortiz PE, Guglielmone AA (2010) Finding of an ixodid tick
inside a Late Holocene owl pellet from northwestern Argentina. J Parasitol 96:820–822
Schille F (1916) Entomologie aus der Mammut- und Rhinoceros-Zeit Galiziens. Entomol Z
30:42–43
Scudder SH (1885) 3. Classe. Arachnoidea. Spinnen. Skorpione. In: Zittel KA (ed) Handbuch der
Palaeontologie. I. Abtheilung. Palaeozoologie 2. R. Oldenbourg, München, pp 732–746
Selden PA (1981) Functional morphology of the prosoma of Baltoeurypterus tetragonophthalmus
(Fischer) (Chelicerata: Eurypterida). Trans R Soc Edinburgh Earth Sci 72:9–48
Sharma PP, Giribet G (2014) A revised dated phylogeny of the arachnid order Opiliones. Front
Genet 5:255
Shi G, Grimaldi DA, Harlow GE, Wang J, Wang J, Yang M, Lei W, Li Q, Li X (2012) Age constraint on Burmese amber based on U–Pb dating of zircons. Cretac Res 37:155–163
Shultz JW (2007) A phylogenetic analysis of the arachnid orders based on morphological characters. Zool J Linnean Soc 150:221–265
Sidorchuk EA (2018) Mites as fossils: forever small? Int J Acarol 44:349–359
9 Chelicerates as Parasites
Poinar GO Jr (2004) Fossil evidence of spider egg parasitism by ichneumonid wasps. Beitr Araneol
3B:1874–1877
Poinar GO Jr (2015a) Rickettsial-like cells in the Cretaceous tick, Cornupalpatum burmanicum
(Ixodida: Ixodidae). Cretac Res 52:623–627
Poinar GO Jr (2015b) Spirochete-like cells in a Dominican amber Amblyomma tick (Arachnida:
Ixodidae). Hist Biol 27:565–570
Poinar G (2021) Fossil record of viruses, parasitic bacteria and parasitic protozoa. In: De Baets
K, Huntley JW (eds) The Evolution and Fossil Record Of Parasitism: Identification and
Macroevolution of Parasites. Topics in Geobiology 49
Poinar GO Jr, Brown AE (2003) A new genus of hard ticks in Cretaceous Burmese amber (Acari:
Ixodida: Ixodidae). Syst Parasitol 54:199–205
Poinar GO Jr, Buckley R (2008) Compluriscutula vetulum (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae), a new
genus and species of hard tick from Lower Cretaceous Burmese amber. Proc Entomol Soc
Washington 110:445–450
Poinar GO Jr, Treat AE, Southcott RV (1991) Mite parasitism of moths: examples of paleosymbiosis in Dominican amber. Experientia 47:210–212
Poinar GO Jr, Krantz GW, Boucot AJ, Pike TM (1997) A unique Mesozoic parasitic association.
Naturwissenschaften 84:321–322
Poulin R (2011) Evolutionary ecology of parasites. Princeton University Press, Princeton
Proctor H (2003) Feather mites (Acari: Astigmata): ecology behaviour, and evolution. Annu Rev
Entomol 48:185–209
Radovsky FJ, Yunker CR (1971) Xenarthronyssus furmani, n. gen., n. sp. (Acarina: Dasponyssidae),
parasites of armadillos, with two subspecies. J Med Entomol 8:135–142
Rapp A (1959) Zur Biologie und Ethologie der Käfermilbe Parasitus coleoptratorum L. 1758 (Ein
Beitrag zum Phoresie-Problem). Zool Jahrb Syst 86:303–366
Reeves WK, Loftis AD, Szumlas DE, Abbassy MM, Helmy IM, Hanafi HA, Dasch GA (2007)
Rickettsial pathogens in the tropical rat mite Ornithonyssus bacoti (Acari: Macronyssidae)
from Egyptian rats (Rattus spp.). Exp Appl Acarol 41:101–107
Robin N, Béthoux O, Sidorchuk E, Cui Y, Li Y, Germain D, King A, Berenguer F, Ren D (2016)
A Carboniferous mite on an insect reveals the antiquity of an inconspicuous interaction. Curr
Biol 26:1–7
Robin N (2021) Importance of data on fossil symbioses for parasite-host evolution. In: De Baets
K, Huntley JW (eds) The evolution and fossil record of parasitism: Coevolution and paleoparasitological techniques. Topics in Geobiology 50
Rodriguez J, Waichert C, von Dohlen CD, Poinar GO Jr, Pitts JP (2016) Eocene and not Cretaceous
origin of spider wasps: fossil evidence from amber. Acta Palaeotol Polon 61:89–96
Rosenkrantz P, Aumeier P, Zigelmann B (2010) Biology and control of Varroa destructor. J
Invertebr Pathol 103:S96–S119
Rota-Stabelli O, Daley AC, Pisani D (2013) Molecular timetrees reveal a Cambrian colonization
of land and a new scenario for ecdysozoan evolution. Curr Biol 23:1–7
Sanchez JP, Nava S, Lareschi M, Ortiz PE, Guglielmone AA (2010) Finding of an ixodid tick
inside a Late Holocene owl pellet from northwestern Argentina. J Parasitol 96:820–822
Schille F (1916) Entomologie aus der Mammut- und Rhinoceros-Zeit Galiziens. Entomol Z
30:42–43
Scudder SH (1885) 3. Classe. Arachnoidea. Spinnen. Skorpione. In: Zittel KA (ed) Handbuch der
Palaeontologie. I. Abtheilung. Palaeozoologie 2. R. Oldenbourg, München, pp 732–746
Selden PA (1981) Functional morphology of the prosoma of Baltoeurypterus tetragonophthalmus
(Fischer) (Chelicerata: Eurypterida). Trans R Soc Edinburgh Earth Sci 72:9–48
Sharma PP, Giribet G (2014) A revised dated phylogeny of the arachnid order Opiliones. Front
Genet 5:255
Shi G, Grimaldi DA, Harlow GE, Wang J, Wang J, Yang M, Lei W, Li Q, Li X (2012) Age constraint on Burmese amber based on U–Pb dating of zircons. Cretac Res 37:155–163
Shultz JW (2007) A phylogenetic analysis of the arachnid orders based on morphological characters. Zool J Linnean Soc 150:221–265
Sidorchuk EA (2018) Mites as fossils: forever small? Int J Acarol 44:349–359
9 Chelicerates as Parasites