317
Table 9.1 Parasitic clades of acariform and parasitiform mites, summarizing the type of parasitism
and the typical host group, as well as the fossil record (if any) of the lineage in question. See also
Fig. 9.3
Taxon
Parasitism
Fossil record
Acariformes
Prostigmata: Eupodides:
Halacaroidea
Some species parasitic on aquatic
invertebrates
–
Prostigmata: Eupodides:
Tydeoidea
Some species haematophagous on gastropods,
or in the nasal cavities of amphibians and
birds
Devonian—
Recent
Prostigmata: Anystides:
Parasitengona
Larval instar (which differs from adult)
parasitizes invertebrates or vertebrates
Cretaceous—
Recent
Prostigmata: Raphignathina:
Myobioidea
Ectoparasites in the fur of various mammals
Eocene—
Recent
Prostigmata: Raphignathina:
Pterygosomatoidea
Ectoparasites of lizards, tortoises and
occasionally arthropods
Cretaceous—
Recent
Prostigmata: Raphignathina:
Cheyletoidea
Ectoparasites of arthropods, reptiles birds and
mammals
Cretaceous—
Recent
Prostigmata: Heterostigmata:
Scutacaroidea
A few species are parasites or parasitoids of
cockroaches or ants
–
Prostigmata: Heterostigmata:
Pyemotoidea
Females of most species are parasitoids of
insects
Cretaceous—
Recent
Prostigmata: Heterostigmata:
Tarsonemoidea
Several internal or external parasites of insects Subfossils
Oribatida: Astigmata:
Hemisarcoptoidea
A few species are haematophagous on beetles
and scale insects
Neogene—
Recent
Oribatida: Astigmata:
Glycyphagoidea
Deutonymphs of some species infest hair
follicles of rodents
–
Oribatida: Astigmata:
Hypoderatoidea
Deutonymphs infest subcutaneous tissue of
birds (rarely rodents)
–
Oribatida: Astigmata:
Psoroptida
Inhabit the fur, feathers, respiratory tract or
upper skin layers of vertebrates
Neogene—
Recent
Parasitiformes
Ixodida
Haematophagous on vertebrates
Cretaceous—
Recent
Mesostigmata:
Antennophorina:
Antennophoroidea
One genus induces ants to regurgitate food
(kleptoparasitism?)
–
Mesostigmata: Uropodina:
Uropodoidea
At least one species is a parasitoid of ants
Eocene—
Recent
Mesostigmata:
Heterozerconia:
Heterozerconoidea
At least one species is haematophagous on
reptiles
–
Mesostigmata: Gamasina:
Ascoidea
A few species are haematophagous on insects Eocene—
Recent
Mesostigmata: Gamasina:
Phytoseiodea
One family (Otopheidomenidae) parasitizes
several groups of insects
–
Mesostigmata: Gamasina:
Dermanyssoidea
A wide range of ecto- and endoparasites
affecting both arthropods and vertebrates
Eocene—
Recent
9 Chelicerates as Parasites
Table 9.1 Parasitic clades of acariform and parasitiform mites, summarizing the type of parasitism
and the typical host group, as well as the fossil record (if any) of the lineage in question. See also
Fig. 9.3
Taxon
Parasitism
Fossil record
Acariformes
Prostigmata: Eupodides:
Halacaroidea
Some species parasitic on aquatic
invertebrates
–
Prostigmata: Eupodides:
Tydeoidea
Some species haematophagous on gastropods,
or in the nasal cavities of amphibians and
birds
Devonian—
Recent
Prostigmata: Anystides:
Parasitengona
Larval instar (which differs from adult)
parasitizes invertebrates or vertebrates
Cretaceous—
Recent
Prostigmata: Raphignathina:
Myobioidea
Ectoparasites in the fur of various mammals
Eocene—
Recent
Prostigmata: Raphignathina:
Pterygosomatoidea
Ectoparasites of lizards, tortoises and
occasionally arthropods
Cretaceous—
Recent
Prostigmata: Raphignathina:
Cheyletoidea
Ectoparasites of arthropods, reptiles birds and
mammals
Cretaceous—
Recent
Prostigmata: Heterostigmata:
Scutacaroidea
A few species are parasites or parasitoids of
cockroaches or ants
–
Prostigmata: Heterostigmata:
Pyemotoidea
Females of most species are parasitoids of
insects
Cretaceous—
Recent
Prostigmata: Heterostigmata:
Tarsonemoidea
Several internal or external parasites of insects Subfossils
Oribatida: Astigmata:
Hemisarcoptoidea
A few species are haematophagous on beetles
and scale insects
Neogene—
Recent
Oribatida: Astigmata:
Glycyphagoidea
Deutonymphs of some species infest hair
follicles of rodents
–
Oribatida: Astigmata:
Hypoderatoidea
Deutonymphs infest subcutaneous tissue of
birds (rarely rodents)
–
Oribatida: Astigmata:
Psoroptida
Inhabit the fur, feathers, respiratory tract or
upper skin layers of vertebrates
Neogene—
Recent
Parasitiformes
Ixodida
Haematophagous on vertebrates
Cretaceous—
Recent
Mesostigmata:
Antennophorina:
Antennophoroidea
One genus induces ants to regurgitate food
(kleptoparasitism?)
–
Mesostigmata: Uropodina:
Uropodoidea
At least one species is a parasitoid of ants
Eocene—
Recent
Mesostigmata:
Heterozerconia:
Heterozerconoidea
At least one species is haematophagous on
reptiles
–
Mesostigmata: Gamasina:
Ascoidea
A few species are haematophagous on insects Eocene—
Recent
Mesostigmata: Gamasina:
Phytoseiodea
One family (Otopheidomenidae) parasitizes
several groups of insects
–
Mesostigmata: Gamasina:
Dermanyssoidea
A wide range of ecto- and endoparasites
affecting both arthropods and vertebrates
Eocene—
Recent
9 Chelicerates as Parasites