107
Van Der Heijden MG, Bardgett RD, Van Straalen NM (2008) The unseen majority: soil microbes
as drivers of plant diversity and productivity in terrestrial ecosystems. Ecol Lett 11:296–310
Van Geel B (2002) Non-pollen palynomorphs. In: Smol JP, HJB B, Last WM, Bradley RS, Alverson
K (eds) Tracking environmental change using lake sediments. developments in paleoenvironmental research, vol 3. Springer, Dordrecht
Van Geel B, Andersen ST (1988) Fossil ascospores of the parasitic fungus Ustulina deusta in
Eemian deposits in Denmark. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 56:89–93
Van Geel B, Aptroot A, Mauquoy D (2006) Sub-fossil evidence for fungal hyperparasitism
(Isthmospora spinosa on Meliola ellisii, on Calluna vulgaris) in a Holocene intermediate
ombrotrophic bog in northern-England. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 141:121–126
Van Loon LC, Rep M, Pieterse CMJ (2006) Significance of inducible defense-related proteins in
infected plants. Annu Rev Phytopathol 44:135–162
Veronese P, Ruiz MT, Coca MA, Hernandez-Lopez A, Lee H, Ibeas JI, Darnsz B, Pardo JM,
Hasegawa PM, Bressan RA, Narasimhan ML (2003) In defense against pathogens. Both plant
sentinels and foot soldiers need to know the enemy. Plant Physiol 131:1580–1590
Vujanovic V, St-Arnaud M, Neumann P-J (2009) Susceptibility of cones and seeds to fungal infection in a pine (Pinus spp.) collection. Forest Pathol 30:305–320
Walker C, Harper CJ, Brundrett MC, Krings M (2018) Looking for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
(AMF) in the fossil record: an illustrated guide. In: Krings M, Harper CJ, Cúneo NR, Rothwell
GW (eds) Transformative paleobotany: papers to commemorate the life and legacy of Thomas
N. Taylor. Elsevier, Cambridge, MA
Wan M, Yang W, He X, Liu L, Wang J (2017) First record of fossil basidiomycete clamp connections in cordaitalean stems from the Asselian-Sakmarian (lower Permian) of Shanxi Province,
North China. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 466:353–360
Wang Z-Q (1997) Permian Supaia fronds and an associated Autunia fructification from Shanxi,
China. Palaeontology 40:245–277
Wang G, Johnson ZI (2009) Impact of parasitic fungi on the diversity and functional ecology of
marine phytoplankton. In: Kersey WT, Munger SP (eds) Marine phytoplankton (Oceanography
and Ocean Engineering). Nova Science Publishers Inc., New York
Watson V, Rothschild B (2021) Deep origin of parasitic disease in vertebrates. In: De Baets K.,
Huntley JW (eds) The evolution and fossil record of Parasitism: Coevolution and paleoparasitological techniques. Topics in Geobiology 50
Weaver L, McLoughlin S, Drinnan AN (1997) Fossil woods from the Upper Permian Bainmedart
Coal Measures, northern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica. AGSO J Aust Geol
Geophys 16:655–676
Weiss LM, Becnel JJ (2014) Microsporidia: pathogens of opportunity. Wiley, Oxford
Weiss A, Martindale RC (2017) Crustose coralline algae increased framework and diversity on
ancient coral reefs. PLoS One 12:e0181637
Weissenberg R (1968) Intracellular development of the microsporidian Glugea anomala Moniez in
hypertrophying migratory cells of the fish Gasterosteus aculeatus L., an example of the formation of “xenoma tumors”. J Protozool 15:44–57
White JF, Taylor TN (1989) Triassic fungi with suggested affinities to the Endogonales
(Zygomycotina). Rev Palaeobot Palynol 61:53–61
White JF, Kingsley K, Harper CJ, Verma SK, Brindisi L, Chen Q, Chang X, Micci A, Bergen M
(2018) Reactive oxygen defense against cellular endoparasites and the origin if eukaryotes. In:
Krings M, Harper CJ, Cúneo NR, Rothwell GW (eds) Transformative paleobotany: papers to
commemorate the life and legacy of Thomas N. Taylor. Elsevier, Cambridge, MA
Williamson WC (1878) On the organization of the fossil plants of the coal-measures. Part IX. Phil
Trans Roy Soc London B Biol Sci 169:319–364
Williamson WC (1880) On the organization of the fossil plants of the coal-measures. Part
X. Including an examination of the supposed radiolarians of the Carboniferous rocks. Phil
Trans Roy Soc London B Biol Sci 171:493–539
3 Fungi as Parasites: A Conspectus of the Fossil Record
Van Der Heijden MG, Bardgett RD, Van Straalen NM (2008) The unseen majority: soil microbes
as drivers of plant diversity and productivity in terrestrial ecosystems. Ecol Lett 11:296–310
Van Geel B (2002) Non-pollen palynomorphs. In: Smol JP, HJB B, Last WM, Bradley RS, Alverson
K (eds) Tracking environmental change using lake sediments. developments in paleoenvironmental research, vol 3. Springer, Dordrecht
Van Geel B, Andersen ST (1988) Fossil ascospores of the parasitic fungus Ustulina deusta in
Eemian deposits in Denmark. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 56:89–93
Van Geel B, Aptroot A, Mauquoy D (2006) Sub-fossil evidence for fungal hyperparasitism
(Isthmospora spinosa on Meliola ellisii, on Calluna vulgaris) in a Holocene intermediate
ombrotrophic bog in northern-England. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 141:121–126
Van Loon LC, Rep M, Pieterse CMJ (2006) Significance of inducible defense-related proteins in
infected plants. Annu Rev Phytopathol 44:135–162
Veronese P, Ruiz MT, Coca MA, Hernandez-Lopez A, Lee H, Ibeas JI, Darnsz B, Pardo JM,
Hasegawa PM, Bressan RA, Narasimhan ML (2003) In defense against pathogens. Both plant
sentinels and foot soldiers need to know the enemy. Plant Physiol 131:1580–1590
Vujanovic V, St-Arnaud M, Neumann P-J (2009) Susceptibility of cones and seeds to fungal infection in a pine (Pinus spp.) collection. Forest Pathol 30:305–320
Walker C, Harper CJ, Brundrett MC, Krings M (2018) Looking for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
(AMF) in the fossil record: an illustrated guide. In: Krings M, Harper CJ, Cúneo NR, Rothwell
GW (eds) Transformative paleobotany: papers to commemorate the life and legacy of Thomas
N. Taylor. Elsevier, Cambridge, MA
Wan M, Yang W, He X, Liu L, Wang J (2017) First record of fossil basidiomycete clamp connections in cordaitalean stems from the Asselian-Sakmarian (lower Permian) of Shanxi Province,
North China. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 466:353–360
Wang Z-Q (1997) Permian Supaia fronds and an associated Autunia fructification from Shanxi,
China. Palaeontology 40:245–277
Wang G, Johnson ZI (2009) Impact of parasitic fungi on the diversity and functional ecology of
marine phytoplankton. In: Kersey WT, Munger SP (eds) Marine phytoplankton (Oceanography
and Ocean Engineering). Nova Science Publishers Inc., New York
Watson V, Rothschild B (2021) Deep origin of parasitic disease in vertebrates. In: De Baets K.,
Huntley JW (eds) The evolution and fossil record of Parasitism: Coevolution and paleoparasitological techniques. Topics in Geobiology 50
Weaver L, McLoughlin S, Drinnan AN (1997) Fossil woods from the Upper Permian Bainmedart
Coal Measures, northern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica. AGSO J Aust Geol
Geophys 16:655–676
Weiss LM, Becnel JJ (2014) Microsporidia: pathogens of opportunity. Wiley, Oxford
Weiss A, Martindale RC (2017) Crustose coralline algae increased framework and diversity on
ancient coral reefs. PLoS One 12:e0181637
Weissenberg R (1968) Intracellular development of the microsporidian Glugea anomala Moniez in
hypertrophying migratory cells of the fish Gasterosteus aculeatus L., an example of the formation of “xenoma tumors”. J Protozool 15:44–57
White JF, Taylor TN (1989) Triassic fungi with suggested affinities to the Endogonales
(Zygomycotina). Rev Palaeobot Palynol 61:53–61
White JF, Kingsley K, Harper CJ, Verma SK, Brindisi L, Chen Q, Chang X, Micci A, Bergen M
(2018) Reactive oxygen defense against cellular endoparasites and the origin if eukaryotes. In:
Krings M, Harper CJ, Cúneo NR, Rothwell GW (eds) Transformative paleobotany: papers to
commemorate the life and legacy of Thomas N. Taylor. Elsevier, Cambridge, MA
Williamson WC (1878) On the organization of the fossil plants of the coal-measures. Part IX. Phil
Trans Roy Soc London B Biol Sci 169:319–364
Williamson WC (1880) On the organization of the fossil plants of the coal-measures. Part
X. Including an examination of the supposed radiolarians of the Carboniferous rocks. Phil
Trans Roy Soc London B Biol Sci 171:493–539
3 Fungi as Parasites: A Conspectus of the Fossil Record