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Contents
1 Parasites of Fossil Vertebrates: What We Know and What
Can We Expect from the Fossil Record? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Tommy L. F. Leung
2 Fossil Record of Viruses, Parasitic Bacteria and Parasitic
Protozoa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
George Poinar
3 Fungi as Parasites: A Conspectus of the Fossil Record . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Carla J. Harper and Michael Krings
4 Evolution, Origins and Diversification of Parasitic Cnidarians . . . . . 109
Beth Okamura and Alexander Gruhl
5 Evolutionary History of Bivalves as Parasites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Aleksandra Skawina
6 Gastropods as Parasites and Carnivorous Grazers: A Major
Guild in Marine Ecosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Alexander Nützel
7 Fossil Constraints on the Timescale of Parasitic Helminth
Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Kenneth De Baets, Paula Dentzien-Dias, G. William M. Harrison,
D. Timothy J. Littlewood, and Luke A. Parry
8 Thorny-Headed Worms (Acanthocephala): Jaw-Less Members
of Jaw-Bearing Worms That Parasitize Jawed Arthropods
and Jawed Vertebrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Holger Herlyn
9 Chelicerates as Parasites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Jason A. Dunlop